中国小儿主动脉弓及其分支的研究

STUDIES OF THE AORTIC ARCH AND ITS RAMIFICATIONS IN THE CHINESE INFANTS

我们调查了76例(♂44,♀32)1~3岁中国小儿主动脉弓对应脊柱的位置、主动脉弓的长度、周径以及其分支类型。一、小儿主动脉弓的上缘,平均位于第二、三胸椎椎间盘高度;下缘平均位于第四胸椎上1/3高度。二、主动脉弓中部水平,平均位于第三胸椎下1/3高度,76例1、2和3岁小儿在脊柱第七区内的分布,按年龄分别为脊柱分区的6.05、6.10和6.19。小儿的高于成年人。三、1、2和3岁中国小儿主动脉弓的长度平均分别为20.6±1.31毫米、19.3±0.59毫米和20.8±0.43毫米。四、1、2和3岁中国小儿主动脉弓的周径,于发出无名动脉之前,平均分别为35.8±0.86毫米、36.4±1.04毫米和38.6±0.83毫米;于发出左锁骨下动脉之后,平均分别为26.1±1.01毫米、26.9±1.25毫米和29.7±0.79毫米。五、在76例中国小儿主动脉弓的分支中,共观察到七个类型,其中有1型并未包括在张为龙根据McDonald和Anson分型的基础所提出的20型内。若将此型计算在内,人类主动脉弓的分支型,则可扩大到21型。此七型如下:A型:52例,占68.42±5.33%。B型:11例占14.47±4.03%。C型:4例,占5.26±2.56%。D型:1例,占1.32±1.31%。F型:4例,占5.26±2.56%,其中有1例称甲状胸腺干。BF型:1例,占1.32±1.31%,此型由无名动脉与左颈总动脉合成的共同干以及左锁骨下动脉构成,并由共同干发出甲状腺最下动脉。我们依照De Garis的分型,将B型和F型合并成BF型。J型:3例,占3.95±2.23%,本型在小儿的出现率较成年人高。六、将本文76例主动脉弓分支型与成年人相对照,结果表明,主动脉弓的分支类型随年龄不同而有所变化。

The aortic arch and its ramifications were studied in 76 chinese infant specimens(♂44,♀52)We examined its position,length and circumference and the types of its ramifications.1.In average,the superior border of infant’s aortic arch is situated at the level of the intervertebral disc between the second and third thoracic vertebrae,and the inferior border is situated at the level of the upper one-third of the fourth thoracic vertebra.2.The medial point between the superior and inferior borders of the aortic arch,in average,is situated at the level of lower one third of the third thoracic vertebra.In the 3 age-groups,1,2 and 3-year old infants,in 76 specimens,we found that the levels of the medial point of aortic arches,corresponding to 6.05,6.10and 6.19 in the 7 th region of the vertebral column respectively,Comparison of this figures with those of the adult revealed that its height in the infant is higher than in the adult.3.The average lengths of aortic arch of the 3 age-groups of the Chinese infants were 20.6±1.31mm,19.3±0.59mm and 20.8±0.43mm respectively.4.The circumferences of the aortic arch of the 3 age-groups of the Chinese infants before the aortic arch divided intóthe innominate artery,in average,were 35.8±0.86 mm,36.4±1.04 mm and 38.6±0.83 mm respectively,and after dividing into the left subclavian artery,in average,they were 26.1±1.01mm,26.9±1.25 mm and 29.7±0.79 mm respectively.5.Seven types can be distinguished in the patterns of the ramifications of the aortic arch.One type was not included in the twenty types of the ramification that have been suggested by Chang Wei-lung according to McDdonald and Anson’s classification.This new type increases the number of the types of the human aortic arch to twenty one.The seven types viz:Type A:52.infants,68.42±5.33%.Type B:11 infants,14.47±4.03%.Type G:4 infants,5.26±2.56%.Type D:1 infant,1.32±1.31%.Type F:4 infants,5.26±2.56%.(One of the four cases is named thyro-thymus trunk).Type BF:1 infant,1.32±1.31%.(This type was composed of a common trunk,which consisted of the inno-minate and left common carotid,the left subclavian and the thyroidea ima arising from the common trunk.According to De Garis’s classification,we combine type B with type F into type BF).Type J:3 infants,3.95±2.23%.(This type was more common in infants than in adults).6.By comparing the types of ramification of aortic arch in 76 specimens with those of the adult,it reveals that the types of the ramifications of aortic arches vary with age.