胫腓骨滋养孔及滋养动脉

DIAPHYSEAL NUTRIENT FORAMINA AND ARTERY OF TIBIA AND FIBULA

一、测量了成对的胫骨246侧,腓骨212侧,包括二骨的长度、中点矢状径、横径及周径。腓骨周径为胫骨周径的二分之一稍强。观察了滋养孔的位置、数目、大小及方向。胫骨滋养孔的数目、位置及方向都比较恒定,滋养孔无一例缺乏,二个或三个滋养孔亦很少见(1.63%);滋养孔在纵向上,多数集中在该骨的上、中1/3交界附近(指数平均值34.53);在横向上多位于胫骨的后面(95.22%)。两侧胫骨滋养孔在纵向及横向上都对称的较多(72.36%)。滋养孔的口径一般均较大,方向多通向远端(99.20%)。腓骨滋养孔的数目、位置及方向显示变化较多。腓骨滋养孔缺乏的有2.36%,二孔以上的9.43%。腓骨滋养孔在纵向上分布弥散,位于该骨中1/3的最多(90.39%);在横向上多数集中在腓骨后面(57.64%)、内侧缘及内侧面。两侧腓骨滋养孔在纵向及横向上均对称的较少(16.98%)。滋养孔的口径一般较小,通向远端的占89.52%。二、解剖出胫、腓骨滋养动脉各100例。测量了滋养动脉的长度和口径,并观察了它们的起点及行径。胫骨滋养动脉的起点变化较多,起自胫后动脉的有67%。胫骨滋养动脉的长度平均4.57厘米,起始段的外径平均1.53毫米;其行径颇为恒定,穿通胫骨后肌的起始部,贴胫骨上1/3部的后面下行,然后进入滋养孔。腓骨滋养动脉均起自腓动脉,但起始高度则多变。腓骨滋养动脉的口径细小,行程亦短,其平均长度为1.1厘米,起始段外径平均0.9毫米;行经(足母)长屈肌与胫骨后肌间,入滋养孔。腓动脉发出的弓形动脉,穿(足母)长屈肌的起点,沿腓骨的背面行走,对腓骨骨膜的血液供应有一定作用。

The diaphyseal nutrient foramina were examined in 246 tibia and 212 fibula from complete sets of Chinese adult skeleton collection.The length and diameter of these bones were also measured.The number,position and orientation of the nutrient foramina were more variable in fibula than in tibia.Though the position of the nutrient foramina of the shaft of these bones were vari-able,however there was a restricted area in which most of the foramina were located.The nutrient foramina of the tibia usually situated on the posterior surface near the junction between the upper and middle thirds of its length,and that of the fibula was on the posterior or medial surface within the upper portion of the middle third segment.The nutrient artery to tibia and fibula were dissected and observed in 100 cases.The nutrient artery to tibia may have various sources of origin,it may arise from the posterior tibial,anterior tibial,and fibular arteries or directly from the popliteal artery.It has a larger calibre and runs over a longer course.The nutrient artery to fibula is relatively small and short,and all originate from the fibular artery.Certain practical applications of the arteries are briefly discussed.