足背和足底的动脉分布

THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARTERIES SUPPLYING THE DORSUM AND PLANTA OF THE FOOT

作者解剖了100个足标本,观察了足背和足底动脉的分布。足背动脉的外径平均2.47mm,其中外径小于1.5mm的有8%。典型足背动脉缺乏的为4%。足背动脉起点异常的5%。此外,作者还观察了足背动脉的行程,动脉主干与(足母)长伸肌腱、以及腓深神经的位置关系。足背动脉的分支中,内、外踝前动脉均以起在踝关节水平者较多见。跗内侧动脉较细,数目及大小均多变化,通常有1~2个较显著的分支。跗外侧动脉较粗,位置亦较恒定,其外径平均1.56mm,以位于距骨头颈连接水平者为最多见。低位弓状动脉出现35%,其中发出第二至四跖背动脉的典型弓状动脉仅见17%。跖背动脉的起始变化最多,基本上可归纳为背侧、跖侧、跖背侧起始三类。第一跖背动脉起自背侧及跖侧者数字相近。第二至四跖背动脉自跖侧起始者稍多于背侧,但同时起自跖背侧者并不少见。所谓跗骨窦动脉实际上应包括来自外踝前动脉和跗外侧动脉的二个分支,二支常同时存在。足底动脉主干的位置、行径比较恒定。胫后动脉的外径平均2.6mm,其分歧部位恒位于分裂韧带下缘附近。足底外侧动脉大于足底内侧动脉的有82%。在足底动脉弓的形成中,足底深支常居优势(71%)。跖底动脉均以起自足底动脉弓者居多数,相邻跖底动脉可共干起始,起自足底内侧动脉或足底外侧动脉者为数较少。第一至三跖底动脉的外径很少变化,但第四跖底动脉的行径则有变异。最后,作者重点讨论了有关足背动脉研究中存在的几个问题以及足底浅动脉弓在人类的残遗。

The arteries of the foot in one hundred Chinese adult specimens were dissected and examined.1.The dorsalis pedis artery was absent in 4%,and it originated from an abnormal origin in 5%,its course and relationship with the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus and deep peroneal nerve were also described.2.The anterior medial and anterior lateral malleolar arteries originated more commonly at the level of the ankle joint,and sometimes they may originate from the dorsalis pedis artery.3.The origin and number of the medial tarsal artery were variable,but that of the lateral tarsal artery were more constant.4.The arcuate artery was present in 35%,but only 17%was typical in form,from which the 2nd-4th dorsal metatarsal arteries were giving off.5.The sources of the dorsal metatarsal arteries were the most variable.The first dorsal metatarsal arteries which arose from dorsal or plantar aspect were similar in percentages.The 2nd-4th dorsal metatarsal arteries often originated from the plantar aspect,but it was not uncommon that they came equally from dorsal and plantar aspects.6.The artery of the tarsal sinus was usually present,it may be divided into two categories,namely the proximal and the distal artery,with their distinct origins and courses.7.The arterial trunks in the sole of the foot were more constant.The posterior tibial artery usually branched into its two main branches near the lower border of the laciniate ligament.8.The lateral plantar artery was greater than the medial in 82%.And 71%of the plantar arch was formed chiefly by the deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis artery.9.The plantar metatarsal arteries originated usually from the plantar arch,sometimes the neighbouring arteries may have a common trunk.The course of the Ist-3rd plantar metatarsal arteries was constant,but that of the 4th may be variable.Finally,some questions about the arteries of the foot,present in previous literatures,were briefly discussed.