大剂量醋酸可的松对大白鼠脾脏作用的组织学及组织化学研究

HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF LARGE DOS AGES OF CORTISONE ON THE SPLEEN OF THE RAT

一、实验共用成年雄性大白鼠49只,体重为140-210克。其中9只不加任T可处理作为对照。其余40只分别经臀部肌肉注射可的松或氢化可的松25毫克/每日一次。注射分一次、三次、六次以及注六次后恢复4,5和9日后杀死取材。二、随注射次数的增加和实验时间的延长大鼠脾脏逐渐萎缩。到注六次或注六次后恢复4和5日时可缩小到正常的1/3以上。其内部结构也相应地引起了十分明显地变化。红白髓中淋巴细胞迅速减少,到注六次恢复4和5日时脾小体几乎完全消失,红白髓难于辨认。此时整个脾脏几乎被红髓占据。注射六次后恢复9日时,虽有些恢复,但仍未达正常水平。三、实验动物脾脏淋巴细胞中RNA合量减少,尤其大中淋巴细胞较为明显。固缩和破碎的淋巴细胞核普遍存在,尤其脾小体处为多,有些已被亘噬细胞吞噬。而中性粒细胞的数量增加,井多量的堆积于脾小体周围。旦噬细胞及其吞噬的含铁血黄素显著增多。蛋白质、蛋白质结合一SH和DNA含量未见变化。四、磷酸酶的活性变化,以ALP和ACP较为显著。ALP在注射初期升高,以注射三次者为最明显,随后酶活性一值下降。而ACP活性在实验时期一直上升。前者以中性粒细胞为代表,后者以网状细胞为代表。三磷酸腺苷酸酶在注射初期上升,之后则逐渐恢复正常。5一核试酸酶、非特异性磷酸酶和醋酶的活性虽有变化,但不明显。

Forty-nine adult male albino rats,each weighing from 140—210 gms,were selected for this experiment.Out of them,9 were left without any treatment for control,and each of the rest 40 experimental animals received daily intramuscular injection of 25 mg.of cortisone or hydrocortisone.The experimental animals were sacrificed 24 hr.after 1,3,and 6 injections and on 4,5,and 9 days after the 6th injections.The control animals were killed at the same time intervals.The spleen of these animals were immediately fixed for both histological and histochemical studies.With repeated injections,as the time advanced,the spleen gradually atrophiel;after the 6th injection or 4 and 5 days after it,its size reached only 1/3 of the normal.Correspondingly,its internal structures showed conspicuous changes.Lymphocytes in the red and white pulps decreased in number,and almost vanished on 4 and 5 days after the last injections.The whole spleen was almost entirely occupied by the red pulp,the white pulps were difficult to identify.These changes tended to recover on the 9th day after the last injection,but never reached the normal level.The content of RNA decreased in lymphocytes of the spleens of the experimental animals,especially in the large and median sized lymphocytes.Pyknotic and fragmented lymphocyte nuclei were universally observed,especially in the Malpigian corpuscles;some were found in phagocytes.Granulocytes accumulated at the periphery of the Malpigian corpuscles.There was an increased amount of macrophages and their engulfed hemosiderin.Proteins and protein-bound SH groups in the cell elements of the spleen of the experimental animals showed no obvious changes in content,but due to the decrease in number of lymphocytes,their total amount in spleen was decreased.The changes of acid and alkaline phosphatases after the injections of cortisone were evident.The activity of ALP showed an initial elevation,reaching the maximum after 3 injections,and then followed by a continuous fall.The activity of ACP,on the other hand,showed consistent increasing,and was most prominent on the 4th and 5th days after the last injections.The former chiefly resided in neutrophils and latter in reticular cells.The activity of adenosine triphosphatase elevated first after injections,but gardually dropped to normal level.5-Nucleotidase,non-specific esterase and non-specific phosphatase showed little or no changes during the course of administration of cortisone.