小白鼠肝脏巨噬细胞的发生和分化

OBSERVATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MACROPHAGES IN THE LIVER OF MICE

机体内网状内皮系统细胞(巨噬细胞)的吞噬活动,是重要的防御机制之一。经典方法多是利用它的吞噬特性,通过注射染料以研究其形态和功能。对于这类细胞在个体发生中的细胞分化情况,过去清野(1928)[1],Perez Del Castillo(1957)[11]及Kent(1961)[8]氏等曾在鸡胚中进行过观察,但对鸡胚肝脏巨噬细胞的发生时间及分化规律,意见尚不一致。至于在哺乳动物,对其巨噬细胞发生的系统性研究,仅见一些零星的报导。

After subcutaneous injection of proper doses of phenylhydrazine to pregnant,young and adult mice to induce experimental hemolysis,a systematic observation was made on the developmental and differentiation processes of macrophages in the liver of 10--18 day mouse embryos,of the 1st,4th,14th,20th day young mice and of adult mice.The re-sults were compared with that of the normal controls.Besides liver,the changes of macrophages in the spleen and bone marrow were also observed.In the 10th day embryos,in which the primordium of liver began to form,the mesenchymal cells in the septum transversium(primitive diaphragm)were seen to dif-ferentiate into primitive macrophages.The later the developmental period of the mouse embryos,the greater is the number of mature macrophages.When adult stage was reached,the macrophages became Kupffer cells.In the 10--14 day mouse embryos,the phagocytic inclusions in the macrophages appeared as non-homogenous droplets of unequal size,whereas those found later in the embryonic life and after birth became homogenous granules.In the early stage of the development of liver,these macrophages,as demons-trated by means of Perls’acid ferrocyanide reaction,contained only scattered and small amount of iron granules.These iron granules gradually increase in number until late in the embryonic life,during which time they were seen to mass into groups.After birth they gradually reduced in number and disappeared entirely in mice aging 14 days on-ward.These changes indicated that the macrophages in the liver in ontogenesis had gradually undergone morphological as well as functional differentiation.In the early stage of embryonic liver,the macrophages were found in the hepatic cords and on the walls of the sinusoids.At about the fifteenth day of the embryonic life,following the rearrangement of the hepatic cords,the macrophages originally located therein have now become a part of the newly formed sinusoid walls.Thus the authors believe that during embryonic stage,the macrophages on the sinusoid walls are not en-tirely derived from the endothelium of blood vessels.During the late stage of embryonic development,macrophages containing phagocytic inclusions were also found in the spleen and bone marrow.Only those macrophages seen in the spleen showed positive Perls’reaction.After birth these macrophages and their iron granules in the spleen gradually increased in number.In adult life the spleen became the main site of iron reserve.