国人成年男子髂内、外动脉分支的观察

AN OBSERVATION ON THE RAMIFICATION OF THE A. ILIACA INTERNA AND EXTERNA OF CHINESE MALE ADULTS

在髂动脉系中,髂内动脉分支的变异很大,因此有不少国外学者曾做过研究,然而对于髂外动脉却注意较少。在国内,最近陶之理[1]曾对国人髂内动脉的分支类型作了观察,傅志良等[2]也对国人异常闭孔动脉进行了调查,但对髂外动脉的分支情况,还未见有报导。作者今就60具成年男子尸体将髂内、外动脉分支的观测所见作一报导,冀能对我国体质解剖学补充提供一些资料。

The branches of the a.iliaca int.and ext.of 60 Chinese male adult cadavers(120 sides)were studied and the findings are as follows:1.The average length of the internal iliac trunk is 4.35±0.17cm,σ=±1.34cm,in the left,and 4.56±0.21cm,σ=±1.63 cm in the right.It is inversely proportional to the average length of the common iliac artery.2.The patterns of the branching of the superior,inferior gluteal and internal pudendal artieries may be classified into 5 types:typeⅠis present in 63 sides(cases)(52.5±4.55%);typeⅡandⅢoccur in 26 cases(21.67±3.76%);typeⅣoccurs in 4 cases(3.33±1.64%)and typeⅤis present only in 1 side(0.850.83%).3.In most of the cases,the superior gluteal artery passes between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve(79.83%),while the inferior gluteal(66.67%)and the internal pudendal artery(62.19%)usually pass between the second and third sacral nerve into the gluteal region.A few of these vessels may divide into 2 or 3 branches before leaving the pelvis.4.The accessory pudendal artery is present in 13 cases(10.83±2.83%).5.The obturator artery originates from the internal iliac artery in 102 cases(85.0±3.26%),most of them spring from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.In the other 18 cases,2 spring directly from the external iliac artery(1.67±1.17%),13 from the inferior epigastric artery(10.83±2.85%),and 3 have double origins(2.5±1.42%),in which the 2 branches spring separately from the internal iliac and inferior epigastric artery.These abnormal obturator arteries occur in 14 cadavers(23.33±5.44%).6.The iliolumbar artery is present in 80 cases(66.67±4.30%)as a single branch,in 37 cases(30.83±4.2%)with 2 separate branches and in 3 cases(2.5±1.43%)with 3 branches.It has various origins,most of them spring from the main trunk or from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.7.The lateral sacral artery occurs in 54 cases(45.0±4.54%)as a single branch,in 57 cases(47.5±4.55%)with 2 branches,and in 9 cases(7.5±2.44%)with 3 branches.Its origin is comparatively constant,usually arising from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.8.Most of the superior vesical arteries spring from the root of the umbilical artery.The number of branches of this vessel varies from 1 to 6,but most of them have 1(46 cases,38.33±4.43%)or 2(45 cases,37.5±4.42%)branches.9.The inferior vesical artery has 1--3 branches.Most of them have a single branch(104 cases,86.67±3.1%),it springs commonly from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery or from the internal pudendal artery.10.The deferent artery springs in 85 cases(70.83±4.15%)as a single branch,and in 35(29.17±4.15%)with 2 branches.In the single-branch type it springs mostly from the root of the umbilical artery,and in the two-branch type both spring commonly from the superior vesical artery.11.The inferior rectal(middle hemorrhoidal)artery is present only in 106 cases(88.33±2.93%),most of them spring from the internal pudendal and inferior gluteal arteries.In 3 cadavers(5.0±1.99%)they spring from the middle sacral artery sym-metrically.12.In 103 cases(85.85±3.32%)the inferior epigastric artery springs indepen-dently from the external iliac artery,in 16 cases(13.33±3.13%)it springs as a com-mon trunk with the obturator artery,and in one side(0.83±0.83%)with the medial femoral circumflex artery.Its origin-site on the external iliac artery is proxmal to the inguinal ligament in 69 cases(57.5±4.51%)with an average distance of 0.95±0.10 cm,σ=±0.59cm in the left,and 0.73±0.08 cm,σ=±0.43 cm in the right;in 43 cases(35.83±4.67%)the origin-site is just behind the ligament;and in 8 cases(6.67±2.28%)it is distal to the ligament,its average distance is 0.48±0.09 cm,σ=±0.18 cm in the left,and 0.45±0.11 cm,σ=±0.22 cm in the right.13.The deep iliac circumflex artery,a single branch,is present in 115 cases(95.83±1.82%),the remaining 5 cases(4.17±1.82%)have 2 branches.In 54 cases(45.0±4.54%)its origin-site is just behind the inguinal ligament;in 36 cases(30.0±4.18%)is proximal to the ligament with an average distance of 0.56±0.09 cm,σ=±0.38 cm in the left,and 0.61±0.09 cm,σ=±0.35 cm in the right;and in 25 cases(20.83±3.72%)it is distal to the ligament,the average distance shows 0.62±0.12 cm,σ=±0.45 cm in the left,and 0.69±0.12 cm,σ=±0.41 cm in the right.