腋动脉的观察

OBSERVATION ON THE AXILLARY ARTERY

在125具(250侧)成年尸体(男88具,女37具)上进行了腋动脉及其分支的观察,在44具(男27具,女17具)尸体上测量了各分支起点距胸小肌上缘的距离。腋动脉平均长度为11.39±1.42厘米,男女之间有显著的差别。腋动脉第一、二、三段的平均长度分别为1.30±0.74;2.74±0.63;7.36±0.90厘米。腋动脉的分支中,以胸外侧动脉和肩胛下动脉的起源变化较大,不直接起源于腋动脉而与其他支共干的分别为30.40±2.91%和48.40±3.16%。上肩胛下动脉的出现率为54.80±3.15%,系分布于肩胛下肌上份的支,可起于腋动脉的任何一段。考虑到上肩胛下动脉的出现率,腋动脉的典型分支应为7支,而一般教科书的叙述为6支。此外本文尚发现腋动脉发出少数属于锁骨下动脉和肱动脉的分支。

The axillary artery and its branches have been studied on both sides of 125 Chineseadult cadavers.The length of the three parts of the axillary artery and the distancefrom the upper border of the pectoralis minor to the origin of each branch were measuredin 44 cadavers.The average length of the axillary artery was 11.39±1.42 cm and the lengths of itsfirst,second and third portions were 1.30±0.74 cm,2.74±0.63 cm,7.36±0.90 cm res-pectiyely.Among the branches of the axillary arterp the origins of the lateral thoracic and sub-scapular arteries were more varied than other branches.The subscapular artery wasfound in 48.40±3.16%originated in common trunk with other branches.The incidenceof the upper subscapular artery was found in 54.80±3.15%,it may originated from anypart of the axillary artery.In considerng the incidence of the upper subscapular artery,the typical branches of the axillary artery should be seven,instead of six in textbook.A few branches belonged to the subclavian or brachial artery were found to beoriginated from the axillary artery.