中国人的硬脑膜副动脉

THE ACCESSORY MENINGEAL ARTERY IN THE CHINESE

一般常用的中外文解剖学书籍对硬脑膜副动脉的描述过于简略或不够正确,某些流行的错误概念和矛盾没有得到及时的澄清。调查了33具尸体57侧。观察结果:(1)出现率:在32具尸体的50侧找到硬脑膜副动脉,占调查尸体数97.0%,占调查侧数87.7%。(2)类型统计:按主干的起始点和行径分类型。凡主干起于土颌动脉者列入第一类(Ⅰ),起于硬脑膜中动脉者列入第二类(Ⅱ),两干分别起始者列入第三类(Ⅰ—Ⅱ)和第四类(Ⅱ—Ⅱ);凡主干行经下颌神经后股或舌神经和下齿神经外侧者为浅型(S),行经这些神经内侧者为深型(P),两干分别走神经内外侧者为浅深型(SP)和浅—深型(S—P),主干沿下颌神经后缘入卵圆孔后部者为卵圆孔型(O)。统计结果见表2和表3。按起点分类,以第二类(Ⅱ)为最多(70%);按行径分型,以深型(P)为最多(50%);把起点和行径结合起来分类型,以ⅡP类型为最多(40%)。(3)与卵圆孔和翼棘孔的关系:硬脑膜副动脉虽常有细小分支进入卵圆孔供给下颌神经颅内段,但主干极少有进入卵圆孔的。多数硬脑膜副动脉的主干或深干进入翼棘孔,少数则有分支进入翼棘孔。(4)分支分布:硬脑膜副动脉分支分布于翼外肌、翼内肌、张腭肌、蝶骨大翼颞下面、下颌神经等结构,此外,还常有一小分支经卵圆孔附属小孔或小切迹入颅中窝,供给卵圆孔前硬脑膜。最后,对常用解剖学书籍的扼要描述作了建议;讨论了可能有人种差异的问题;并建议采用名词“翼肌脑膜动脉”。

The common description of the accessory meningeal artery in the textbooks of ana-tomy is either too brief or inaccurate,and some current misconceptions and contradic-tions have not yet been cleared up.Our investigation is based on the results of 57 dissections of 33 cadavers with thefollowing conclusions:1.Frequency of occurrence:The accessory meningeal artery is found in 50 sidesof 32 cadavers,i.e.in 87.7%of the dissections and 97.0%of the cadavers.2.The accessory meningeal artery often originates from the middle meningeal artery(the 2nd class 70%and the 4th class 8%),and less frequently originates from themaxillary artery(the 1st class 16%)or from both of them(the 3rd class 6%).3.The accessory meningeal artery often passes medial(type P 50%)or lateral(type S 28%)to the posterior division of the mandibular nerve(or the inferior dentalnerve and the lingual nerve).Usually the artery courses forwards and upwards intothe pterygospinous foramen.4.In most cases,the main trunk of the accessory meningeal artery does not passthrough the foramen ovale.5.The accessory meningeal artery distributes principally to the lateral and medialpterygoid muscle,tensor veli palatini muscle,parts of the sphenoid bone,and the man-dibular nerve.In addition,its small ramus passes through the accessory foraminum ornotch of the foramen ovale into the middle cranial fossa,and supplies the dura materanterior to the foramen ovale.Some possible racial differences between the Chinese and American materials arediscussed.