人类嗜中性粒细胞核突出物的形态学与性别的关系

THE MORPHOLOGY OF NUCLEAR APPENDAGES OF HUMAN NEUTROPHILS IN BOTH SEXES

从细胞核的形态来鉴别性别是Barr和Bertram^([1])在1949年首先描述的。他们在雌猫神经细胞核中发现有1μ大小的异染色质块,称做性染色质。这一事实被Barr以及其他许多学者在某些哺乳动物和人体的多种组织细胞中均得到了证实。1954年Davidson和Smith^([2])根据这一结果,观察到人类某些嗜中性粒细胞核叶上,有一细丝连结着一个鼓槌状突出物,直径约为1.5μ。结果证明在500个嗜中性粒细胞中,鼓槌在女性不少于6个,男性总低于6个;而且在辨识鼓槌时与核的其他突出物作了鉴别,建立了观察标准。

Specimens of blood films,taken from 108 persons of both sexes(54 females and 54 males),were studied with regard to the frequency of the“drumsticks”in 200 neutrophil leucocytes.The result shows that the number of drumsticks is below 2 in the males and over 3 in the females,with 2 exceptions in males and one in females.Further investiga-tion reveals that the 2 males in question are cases of hypogonadism.So it is suggested that this method can be applied to the diagnosis for abnormalities in sex development.Besides the standard drumstick,the appendages of nucleus in other forms were ob-served,such as budding,club-form,racket-form,hillock,small drumstick and the sex chromatin abutting on the nuclear membrane.The number of all nuclear appendages was 20 per cent of the total number of cells in the females and 15 per cent in the males.The budding,small drumstick and small club occur more frequently in the males,while the other forms are often seen in the females.On the basis of the morphological observation of the nuclear appendages,it is sug-gested that the drumstick is probably derived from the sex chromatin,the process of the drumstick formation is as follows:by cleavage,by pinching off,or by extrusion.The standard drumstick was also discovered in the eosiniphils,basophils,monocytes and lymphocytes,but the number was less.Basing the result referring to literatures,the cause of formation of drumsticks and the mechanism of determination of sex were discussed.