四氯化碳引起肝硬化过程中肝组织的细胞学和组织化学变化

CYTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE CCl4-INDUCED CIRRHOSTS OF THE RAT LIVER

大白鼠肝在CCl_(4)中毒所引起肝硬化过程中,肝小叶结构被破坏。肝细胞中毒,坏死,脂肪游离增多。血窦因血流受阻而涨大。大部分肝细胞退变或坏死;部分残存而代偿性增生。结缔组织在坏变部分增生并包围肝小结而形成肝硬化。在肝硬化过程中,退变的肝细胞内脂滴增多。线粒体减少,成粒状或溶成一团。核糖核酸,糖元含量也随病变进展而减少。碱性磷酸酶反应增强。代偿性增生的肝细胞体积增大;肝细胞内线粒体增多,核糖核酸,糖元含量逐渐增多。在病变过程中出现冼多小型细胞。小型细胞出现在坏变的肝细胞区域,脂肪空泡附近及结缔组织内并随纤维的增加而减少。小型细胞含线粒体,核糖核酸,PAS反应及碱性磷酸酶反应均为阳性。文中讨论了肝细胞内细胞学和组织化学变化的意义;小型细胞的来源,与纤维形成的关系及纤维增生机制等问题。

Fifty-one male rats(body weights:200—350gm)were raised with laboratory diet,39 of them were injected once a week with CCl_(4)(0.015cc/100gm body weight)in li-quid paraffin through the mesenteric veins and 12 rats without treatment as controls.Rats with 1,2,3,and 4 injections were killed 7 days afterwards.Pieces of liver tissue were taken from the left anterior lobe of the rats from both experimental and control groups.Paraffin sections were prepared from materials fixed in:(1)Susa or Stieve’s for Heidenhain’s Azan staining;(2)Regaud’s for Bensley’s acid fuchsin-methyl green staining of mitochondria;(3)cold Carnoy’s for methyl green-pyronin staining of ribo-nucleic acid(RNA),with control sections extracted with 20%perchloric acid or 0.17 M NaCl at 56℃for 2 hrs.;(4)Carnoy’s for Yakovlev’s(яковлев)and Barrnett-Seligman’s methods for protein-bound SH-group,with control sections blocked with 0.1M monoiodoacetic acid;(5)Formol-alcohol for Hotchkiss’s periodic acid-Schiff’s(PAS)reaction of glycogen,with control sections treated with salivary digestion;(6)cold ace-tone for alkaline phosphatase(ALP);and(7)10%neutral formalin for frozen sections and SudanⅢtesting for fats.After CCl_(4)-intoxication,during the development of cirrhosis,most of the parenchymal cells degenerated and finally became necrotic.Free fat droplets and hyperplastic fibrous tissues accumulated in the necrotic regions.The liver lobules thus were destroyed and blood sinuses were engorged with blood cells.Surviving cells showed compensative hyperplasia and were isolated into nodules by the developing fibrous tissues.Cirrhosis developed in all the rats treated with CCl_(4).The parenchymal cells showed a progressive changes during the development of cirrhosis.There was an increase of fat droplets and a decrease of the number of mito-chondria in the cytoplasm.The mitochondria fragmented into granules or fused in a mass.There was a progressive decline in the content of RNA and glycogen,but an increase of the ALP activity.Those cells showing compensative hyperplasia enlarged in size,and their number of mitochondria,RNA and glycogen content progressively in-creased.Small-sized cells appeared in the necrotic regions among the fat droplets,necrotic cells and fibrous tissues.They decreased in number as the fibrous tissue developed.These cells contained mitochondria and showed positive reactions of PAS,RNA and ALP.Their origin was discussed and their relation to the formation of collagen fibers needs further investigation.