不同阴道涂片方法的比较及对大鼠动情周期的判断

Comparison of different vaginal smears and judgment of estrous cycle in rats

目的比较棉棒法和灌洗法两种阴道涂片方法的操作及对雌性大鼠动情周期的判断。方法30只雌性SD大鼠,连续每日同一时间使用棉棒法或灌洗法进行阴道分泌物的采集和涂片制作,显微镜下放大40/100/200/400倍进行观察并拍照。结果棉棒法涂片肉眼可见大量脱落细胞,镜下见较多有核上皮细胞,判断为动情前期,大量角化上皮细胞呈落叶状堆积为动情期,涂片清亮和上皮细胞数量较少则为动情后期或间期;棉棒法涂片时白细胞的数量减少,不利于区分判断动情后期或间期,同时难以保证棉棒上的沾取物完整且均匀地涂抹到载玻片上。灌洗法涂片时,镜下观察到大量白细胞为动情后期或间期,与棉棒法相比,各种细胞分布均匀形状保持完整,对周期的判断区分更容易,更准确。结论两种方法均较简单,制作涂片和观察所耗时间短,可快速区分动情周期各阶段,且结果准确实用性强,灌洗法可较好还原阴道细胞学检查中的细胞形态和数量分布,是一种可以判断大鼠动情周期各阶段的良好实验技术。

Objective To compare the swabbing method and lavage method to deter mine the estrous cycle of female rats.Methods The vaginal secretions of thirty female SD rats were collected by swabbing method and lavage method.Secretions were collected and smeared at the same time every day,and observed under microscope with 40/100/200/400 times magnification.Results In proestrus,a large number of exfoliated cells were seen directly and more nucleated epithelial cells can be observed under microscope by using the swabbing method.In estrus,a large number of cornified epithelial cells are deciduous accumulation.In metestrus or diestrus,the number of epithelial cells is less,so the smear specimen was clear.When using swabbing method,the number of leucocytes will be reduced,which is not conducive to judge and distinguishing the metestrus or diestrus.It is also difficult to ensure the swab is completely and evenly applied to the slide.When using the lavage method,in diestrus or metestrus,a large number of leucocytes can be observed under the microscope.Compared with the swabbing method,the lavage method can better maintain the evenly distribute and keep the shape intact of various cells,make it easier and more accurate to judge the estrous cycle.Conclusion Both methods can take less time to make smear specimens and distinguish the stages of the estrous cycle quickly with the accurate and practical results.The vaginal lavage method can better maintain the cell morphology and distribution of vaginal secretions,and it is a good experimental technique to judge the stage of estrous cycle.