高平三王村三嵕庙大殿之四铺作下昂造斗栱

A Study on The Exterior Eaves Bracket Sets(Dougong) of The Main Hall at Sanzong Temple in Sanwang,Gaoping,Shanxi

基于手工测量和三维激光扫描数据,本文对高平三王村三嵕庙大殿的大木尺度设计进行了浅析,进而结合《营造法式》和宋金木构实例,从构件样式、尺度算法、细部构造角度,对本案下昂造斗栱的匠作渊源试作讨论。研究表明:大殿营造尺长310毫米,斗栱分。值为0.425寸;补间铺作的下昂昂制约为七举。斗栱在构件样式和构件尺度上具有明显的"法式化"倾向;下昂斜度、几何算法在晋东南地区存在相近案例;下昂与华头子的交接构造也具有域内传承线索。样式、算法、构造的异同关联着匠作亲缘的远近,帮助我们在更广阔的历史、地理维度进行匠作示踪。

Based on manual measurements aided by 3 D laser scanning,the article interprets the geometric design of the wooden structure of the main hall at Sanzong Temple in Sanwang village,Gaoping,Shanxi province.This research shows that the unit of length used for construction(chi)was 310 mm,the basic modular unit(fen)was 0.425 cun,and the inclination of descending cantilevers(xia’ang)was 7/10.The exterior eaves bracket sets(dougong)are similar to the regulations of Ying Zao Fa Shi(A Treatise of Architectural Methods)in component style and dimension.Moreover,there are similar cases and intradomain inheritance clues in the geometric design and mortise-tenon joints of xia’ang.Style,geometric design and joint design are related to craftmanship,which help us conduct further gene-tracing research on a broader scale.