尺度与内外:关于“阑槛钩窗”的讨论

The Functional Evolution from "Outside" to "Inside":Notes on the "Lan Jian Gou Chuang"

"阑槛钩窗"这一做法在《营造法式》与多幅宋元绘画中均有所描绘。由于构件曲线形态上的相似性,人们往往将其视为明清园林中"美人靠"的前身,并将"美人靠"的座椅功能嫁接于其上。然而,这种观点很容易掩盖"鹅项钩阑"的功能演变以及其背后更为丰富的内涵。从"鹅项钩阑"与使用者身体的尺度适应这一视角,本文试图阐明"阑槛钩窗"的使用功能在两宋之际发生了由"外"向"内"的转变,并因此从一种舟船构件转变为建筑构件。

The joinery work called "Lan Jian Gou Chuang" or the "balustrade caged in window" was documented in the Song Dynasty construction book Yingzao Fashi,as well as in many paintings of the Song and Yuan Dynasties.Because of the similar curve shape,people often regard it as the predecessor of the "beauty-leaning" chamber in Ming and Qing Chinese Gardens and grafted the seat function of the latter on it.However,this view can easily conceal the functional evolution of the "gooseneck-shaped baluster" and the further connotation behind it.From the perspective of the adaptation of the "gooseneck-shaped baluster" to the scale of user’s body,this paper suggests that the function of the "Lan Jian Gou Chuang" has changed from "outside" to "inside" during the Song Dynasty and therefore brought this joinery from boats into architectures.