21世纪以来中国对朝鲜救灾援助探析

An Analysis of China’s Disaster Relief Assistance to North Korea since the Turn of the 21st Century

朝鲜是一个灾害多发频发的国家,来自美日韩的援助在一定程度上缓解了灾难危机,但三国的救灾援助具有时断时续且力度有限、政治目的明显、捆绑附加条件、重“物援”轻合作、过分依赖多边渠道的特点,救援的整体效果有限。围绕动植物检疫与病虫害防治等领域,中国向朝鲜提供了大量的救灾援助,强调维护朝鲜民众的根本利益,侧重气象援助和气象合作,多以“双边”途径实施,得到受援国人民的赞许和认可,成为中国援助朝鲜有效性的生动例证。针对朝鲜因灾求援出现的新“诉求”,中国的救灾援助可适当向发展与民生领域倾斜,并立足以气象为主的优势领域,聚焦人力资源开发与合作项目,加强造血力度,帮助朝鲜进一步提升独立应对灾害的能力。

North Korea is a country with frequent disasters.The aids from the United States,Japan and South Korea alleviate the crisis of disaster to a certain extent.However,the relief aids from the three countries are intermittent and limited in scale,affiliated with obvious political purposes,and additional conditions,characteristic of focus on material aids and over-reliance on multilateral channels,but the overall limited effectiveness.Focusing on animal and plant quarantine and pest control and other fields,China has provided a large amount of disaster relief assistance to the DPRK,emphasizing the protection of the fundamental interests of its people,focusing on meteorological assistance and cooperation,and implementing it in a"bilateral"way,which has been well acclaimed and recognized by the people of the recipient countries as an excellent example of the effectiveness of China’s aid to North Korea.In response to North Korea’s new“appeal”for disaster relief,China is advised to scale up its relief assistance in favor of the fields of development and people’s livelihood,and take advantages of its meteorological strengths,focus on human resources development and cooperation projects,strengthen North Korea’s own strength to recover and help it further enhance its own capacity to cope with disasters.