营商环境优化中的地方政府角色——以地方《优化营商环境条例》为视角

Role of Local Government in the Optimizing of Business Environment

优化营商环境是当前我国经济建设的重点工作,各省市也积极通过立法对地方政府优化营商环境的责任和举措予以规定。然而这些地方立法既过度强调地方政府作用,又未能按照地方政府的作为空间制定有针对性的具体化措施。受限于政治体制、央地关系和市场规律,地方政府只能在地方事权、行政协调、自由裁量和创新试点等空间内有所作为。地方立法应当在此基础上,按照保护商事主体权利、降低商事活动成本、集聚商业发展要素的路径,从明确主体责任、提高行政能力、优化市场监管、完善公共服务等四个方面规定地方政府的职责,以充分发挥地方政府在优化营商环境这项系统工程中的积极作用。

Optimizing the business environment is a key task of China’s current economic construction.Provinces and cities have also actively passed legislation to regulate the responsibilities and measures of local governments to optimize the business environment.However,these local regulations both overemphasize the role of local governments and fail to formulate targeted specific measures in accordance with local government actions.Restricted by the political system,the relationship between central and local governments,and market mechanism,local government can only make a difference in the areas of local authority,administrative coordination,discretion,and pilot experiments.Local legislation should clarify local government duties to emphasize principle responsibilities,improve administrative capabilities,optimize market supervision and improve public service through the paths of protecting the rights of commercial entities,reducing the cost of commercial activities,and gathering elements of business development,in order to make the local government to play the active and appropriate role in the systematic project of optimizing the business environment.