句末助词“吧”的礼貌标记分析

"吧"是汉语里一个非常重要的语气词,句末助词"吧"主要用来表达不确定的语气。用在陈述句句末削弱了陈述句的肯定语气;用在疑问句句末使得疑问句的疑问性减弱;而用在祈使句句末则缓和了催促、命令、请求、劝告的语气。文章基于北京大学CCL语料库现代汉语部分的语料,分析句末助词"吧"用在句末时产生的语用效果,文章认为使用含有不确定义的句末助词"吧",这种不确定性使交际双方的言语活动遵循了礼貌原则中的消极策略,不仅给听话人留有面子,更重要的是结合中国人的面子观,也给说话人自己留有了回旋的余地,保全了面子。

The auxiliary word"Ba"at the end of the sentence is mainly used to express the uncertain mood.At the end of the sentence,it weakens the positive tone of the statement;at the end of the question,it weakens the interrogativeness of the question;at the end of the imperative sentence,it weakens the tone of urging,ordering,requesting and advising.Based on the corpus of modern Chinese in CCL corpus of Peking University,this paper analyzes the pragmatic effect of"Ba"at the end of a sentence.It holds that the use of"Ba"with uncertain definition at the end of a sentence makes the speech activities of both sides of communication follow the negative strategy in the principle of politeness,which not only gives the listener face,but also combines the Chinese people The concept of"face"also leaves the speaker with room to maneuver and save face.