产权赋权正义原则与不同正义准则在水权赋权过程中的应用

The Justice Principle of Property Right Empowerment and the Application of Different Justice Criterion in the Process of Water Right Empowerment

正义是产权赋权应当遵守的最根本的伦理原则,而水权作为产权研究的领域之一,水权赋权也应当以正义为根本原则。只有在正义原则下,才能保证产权分配的公正性与合理性。不同历史时期、不同社会和资源条件下,为了实现产权的公平分配,形成了不同的产权赋权正义标准。通过对产权赋权历史事实进行研究,得出产权赋权的正义准则,即以空间邻近性、时间先后顺序、空间与时间相结合、人类生存基本需求以及生态需求为正义准则,并以此作为水权赋权依据,从而形成了水权元类型。对于水权空间单元,可以选择一种或多种正义准则为其水权赋权依据,最终由水权空间单元以并列或套嵌的形式形成了现实中复杂的水权制度系统。

Justice is the most fundamental ethical principle that property rights empowerment should follow.As one of the research fields of property rights,water rights should also take the justice principle as its fundamental principle.Only by taking justice as the principle of property right empowerment can the fairness and rationality of property right distribution be guaranteed.In different historical periods,under different social and resource conditions,in order to realize the fair distribution of property right,different justice standards of property right empowerment have been formed.Through analyzing the historical facts of property right empowerment,the justice criterion of property right empowerment can be obtained,namely the criterion of spatial proximity,chronological order,combination of space and time,basic human survival needs and ecological needs.These justice criterions are treated as the specific basis for water right empowerment,and the water right meta types are formed.For the space unit of water right,one or more justice principles can be selected as the basis of water right empowerment.Finally,the complex water rights system is formed by the spatial units of water rights in the form of juxtaposition or nesting.