程潜与大本营陆军讲武学校

Cheng Qian and Base Camp Army Military School

在1924年筹建黄埔军校前后,广东革命政府辖区内多支军队也创建各自的军校,其中,陆军讲武学校由大本营军政部部长程潜创办,亦颇具特色。程潜多方筹划,1923年10月筹组“陆军教导团”,1924年3月组建“陆军讲武学校”,第1期学生400多人,绝大多数是来自湖南的知识青年,该校可谓是一所在广东的湖南军校。在经费窘迫和艰苦环境中,讲武学校勉力维持,艰难生存。学校教育内容包括军事课程和政治课程,以军事课程为主,政治教育颇为欠缺。由于多种内外原因,1924年11月讲武学校并入黄埔军校,但该校并未完全结束,而是延续到1926年年初。由程潜创建陆军讲武学校可窥广东革命政府微妙的内部结构,实际上,广东政府已经容纳汇入了南方多地的多种力量,其中,湘系力量举足轻重。

Before and after the establishment of Whampoa Military Academy in 1924,several armies under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Revolutionary Government created their own military schools,among which,the Army Military School founded by Cheng Qian,head of the Military and Political Department of the base camp was quite characteristic.After preparation in many ways,Cheng organized the“Army Instruction Group”in October 1923 and set up the“Army Military School”in March 1924.The vast majority of the first batch of more than 400 young cadets were from Hunan,so this school could well be called a Hunan military school in Guangdong.Though in financial distress and harsh environment,the school strove to survive in difficulties.School education included military and political courses,but the main focus was on military courses with political education quite lacking in content.In November 1924,it was merged into the Whampoa Military Academy for various reasons,but the school continued to exist until the beginning of 1926.The establishment of the Army Military School by Cheng Qian revealed the delicate internal structure of the Guangdong Revolutionary Government.In fact,the Guangdong government had accommodated a variety of forces from many parts in southern China,among which the Hunan force held a decisive position.