全国抗战爆发前国民政府京沪杭地区国防工事体系的建立

Establishment of National Government's National Defense Works System in Nanjing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Region before Outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

京沪杭地区是国民政府的心脏所在,全国抗战爆发前,国民政府以保卫南京为目标,以确保江防、依托防线逐次抵抗为方针,在该地区建立国防工事体系。要塞区的整备工作开始时间最早,首重江海防,且要塞区作为特殊区划可以为区域防御提供有力据点。围绕太湖两岸修筑的京沪杭间国防阵地带,以京沪方向上的吴福线、锡澄线及沪杭方向上的嘉平乍线为核心工事线,呈多层次分布。南京地区的防御工事以外围阵地与复廓阵地为主,工程浩大,工区错杂,修筑时间最长。国民政府历时数年,竭力完成的京沪杭地区国防工事体系,具备军事理论上的合理性,体现了国民政府备战决心。

The Nanjing-Shanghai-Hangzhou region was the heart of the national government.Before the outbreak of Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the government established national defense fortification system in this area with the defense of the capital city of Nanjing as the goal.The policy was to ensure the defense of the Yangtze River and to rely on a line of defense for successive resistance.Preparatory work in the garrison area started at the earliest time and focused first on river and sea defense;and as a special zone,it could provide a powerful base for regional defense.The defense position belt between Nanjing,Shanghai and Hangzhou which was built around the Taihu Lake and was distributed in a multi-level manner with Wufu Line,Xicheng Line between Beijing and Shanghai,and Jiapingzha Line between Shanghai and Hangzhou as the core fortification lines.The defensive fortification in Nanjing area mainly consisted of peripheral positions and compound positions,the project of which was huge and complex and took the longest construction time.The national government spent several years in completing the Nanjing-Shanghai-Hangzhou area defense fortification system.It had the rationality of military theory and embodied the determination of the National government to prepare for war.