20世纪上半叶苏军高级将领成长规律初探——以22名元帅为分析样本

Common Rules for Making of Senior Soviet Commanders in First Half of 20th Century——With 22 Marshals as Samples

20世纪上半叶,苏联军队涌现出一批能征善战的名将。选取22名苏军元帅为分析样本,从其家庭背景、岗位任职、教育培训、参战情况及功勋荣誉等角度综合考察,可以发现当时苏军高级将领成长的基本规律。诸如,绝大多数出身俄国社会底层,苦难生活启迪了政治觉悟;岗位轮换频繁,团一级主官和高级参谋等关键岗位锻炼的作用突出;高标准的指挥能力训练和高水平的中高级任职教育收效明显;长期、严酷的战争实践淬火成钢;鼓励创新、以上率下、崇尚荣誉的整体环境于潜移默化中起到了重要作用。

In the first half of the 20th century,there emerged in the armed forces of the Soviet Union a group of outstanding and capable generals.By selecting 22 Soviet marshals as samples,we can figure out the basic common rules for the making of senior Soviet commanders from the perspectives of their family backgrounds,their posts and positions,the education and training they received,their experiences in wars,and the merits and honors they were awarded.For instance,the vast majority came from the bottom of Russian society,and their sufferings in life inspired their political consciousness.Their post rotation was frequent,and key posts such as regimental chief officer and senior staff officer played a prominent role in their training.High-standard command ability training and high-level senior vocational education achieved obvious results.Longtime and tough experiences in wars made them hardened into steel-willed warriors.The overall environment of advocating innovation,setting examples,and taking pride in honors cast a subtle effect in an imperceptible manner.