全国抗战时期日军空袭兰州中的难民救济(1937—1943)

Refugee Relief in Lanzhou Air Raids during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression(1937-1943)

全国抗战时期日军多次空袭兰州,造成大量难民产生。为此甘肃省政府开展了一系列难民救济工作,具体包括设立难民救济机构、颁布救济法规、发放救济款、实施紧急救护、疏散民众、修建防空工程、组织社会力量参与救济等内容。兰州空袭难民救济工作以政府为主导,具有阶段性、针对性、广泛性的特点。政府的救济措施在一定程度上保障了难民的生命安全,维护了社会秩序,有利于后方社会的稳定。但由于政府救济经费短缺、救助力量不足以及救济制度的缺陷等诸多原因,导致其难民救济成效较为有限。

During Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the Japanese invaders repeatedly air⁃raided Lanzhou,resulting in a large number of refugees.The Gansu provincial government exerted a series of relief efforts for the refugees,including establishment of relief agencies,promulgation of relief regulations,distribution of relief funds,imple⁃mentation of emergency rescue measures,evacuation of the populace,construction of air defense works,and organization of social forces to participate in relief work.The government⁃led relief work for Lanzhou air raid refugees had the characteristics of being phased,targeted,and extensive.The relief measures of the government to some extent protected the refugees'lives,maintained the order of the society,and was conducive to the social stability in the rear area.However,due to various reasons such as insufficient government relief funds,inadequate relief force,and defects in the relief system,the effectiveness of the relief efforts for refugees was limited.