民国时期《孙子兵法》的校勘研究

Collation of Art of War by Sun Tzu in Period of Republic of China

民国时期,《孙子兵法》因政府提倡兵学而受到进一步重视,同时受“整理国故运动”影响和抗日救亡、寻求御敌之道的现实驱动,校勘《孙子兵法》的相关成果不断涌现。其中,以陆懋德的《孙子兵法集释》、易培基的《读孙子杂记》、张之纯的《评注诸子菁华录·孙子》、陈启天的《孙子兵法校释》最具代表性。民国时期《孙子兵法》的校勘成果是在批判吸收历代关于《孙子兵法》校勘成果的基础上取得的,主要有三类:一是勘误字、乙文;二是校衍文、脱文;三是重订错简。这些成果在一定程度上解决了《孙子兵法》原文中长期存在的“鲁鱼亥豕”“佶屈聱牙”“扞格不通”等问题,也为当代《孙子兵法》校勘研究提供了有益借鉴。

During the period of the Republic of China,Sun Tzu’s Art of War received more attention because the government advocated military science;and at the same time,the“initiative of sorting out national heritage”plus the realistic drive of resisting Japanese aggression and seeking ways to fight the invading enemy brought about a lot of relevant achievements of collating the great work on war.The most representative among them were A Collection of Interpretation of Sun Tzu’s Art of War by Lu Maode,Reading Sun Tzu by Yi Peiji,Commentary:Essence of Sun Tzu by Zhang Zhichun and Sun Tzu’s Art of War:Collated and Annotated by Chen Qitian.Those achievements were obtained on the basis of critically absorbing the previous collation results.To a certain extent,the collations and annotations solved the long-standing problems at the time in understanding the original text of Sun Tzu,and also provide a valuable reference for today’s collation and research of this important military work.