庙宇、庙会与戏台:中共创造的“抗战空间”——基于黎城县乡村庙宇的田野调查

Temples, Rural Fairs and Stages: “Anti-Japanese War Space” Created by CPC——Based on Field Investigation of Rural Temples in Licheng County

全国抗战时期,中共依托敌后根据地的乡村庙宇进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争,特别是对于有着“无庙不成村”的山西来说,乡村庙宇成为了中共抗战空间的重要组成部分。基于该省黎城县乡村庙宇的田野调查,可知中共对乡村庙宇进行了多元利用,创造出了以抗战为目的的政治活动、文教活动、军事活动、后勤保障等空间类型。而相较于庙宇这一固定抗战空间,由其辐射衍生的庙会与戏台,也是中共用来影响并改造民众生活、宣传动员民众抗战的重要阵地,成为流动的抗战空间。它们有力地推动了敌后抗战的胜利。深入理解抗战空间与抗日战争之间的关系,不仅是抗战史研究的题中之义,更是深化抗战史研究的重要路径。

During Chinese People’s Comprehensive War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the Communist Party of China carried out an extremely arduous struggle by relying on the rural temples in the base areas behind the enemy lines.In Shanxi Province,which was known for“no single village without a temple”,the rural temples became an especially important part of the space of CPC’s fight against Japanese aggression.Field investigation of rural temples in Licheng County of Shanxi Province reveals that the CPC made diversified use of rural temples and created various space types for the resistance war,such as political activities,cultural and educational activities,military activities and logistics support.Apart from temples,which was a fixed resistance space,the rural fairs and stages associated with temples provided important opportunities for the CPC to influence the mass,to inspire and mobilize local people to participate in the War of Resistance.They become a mobile resistance space,and greatly promoted the victory of the War of Resistance behind the enemy lines.A deep understanding of the relationship between the space of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the war itself is an important route for the study of the history of the war.