美苏中程核力量谈判中的亚洲中导问题

Issue of Asian INF in US-Soviet INF Negotiations

冷战后期,美苏就中程核力量削减问题展开了艰苦谈判。虽然美国在谈判初期提出相关削减必须放眼全球,但由于当时美苏将更多精力聚焦于欧洲中导问题,加之分歧严重,双方的亚洲中导问题谈判一直进展迟缓。戈尔巴乔夫上台后,提出在2000年前全面销毁核武器的倡议,但仍试图将地理范围限制在欧洲。面对苏联的裁军攻势,美国转而更加强调削减亚洲中导的必要性,以图保持在谈判中的主动权。针对美国的反建议,苏联在该问题上的原有立场开始松动。在雷克雅未克峰会中,美苏初步达成了在欧洲以外地区各保留100枚中导弹头的临时协议。随着美国立场得到更多国家的支持,以及出于彻底消除欧洲中短导的考虑,苏联最终接受了“全球双零点方案”。

The United States and the Soviet Union held arduous talks on the reduction of Intermediate Nuclear Forces(INF)in the later period of the Cold War.At the initial stage of the negotiations,the US proposed that the relevant reductions must be based on a global perspective.However,as the two sides focused more on the INF issue in Europe and were extremely divided in their opinions,the progress of Asian INF negotiations was behind schedule for years.When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power,he called for a complete elimination of nuclear weapons by 2000,but tried to geographically limit the scope to Europe.In the face of the disarmament offensive from Soviet Union,the US,in order to maintain its initiative in the negotiations,shifted to place more emphasis on the necessity of cutting nuclear weapons in Asia.The US counter-proposal pushed the Soviet Union to change their original stance.At the Reykjavik Summit,the two countries reached a preliminary interim agreement to retain 100 warheads each outside Europe.With the US proposal getting support from more countries,and with the consideration of eliminating the entire category of SRINF in Europe,the Soviet Union finally accepted the“Global Double Zero Option”.