崇祯三年明金锦州之役考辨

Battle of Jinzhou in 1630 during Ming-Qing War(1618—1683)

《国榷》《清太宗实录》等史籍均记载,崇祯二年八月,后金与朵颜苏布地部联军焚掠锦州一带,攻克双堡,毁右屯卫城而去。此记载实则有误,此役爆发的时间应该是崇祯三年八月。史籍对锦州之役若干史实之记载,亦存有一些错漏,比如将"双堡"误作"双台堡"、明军斩敌首"四级"记为"三级"、遗漏了宁锦运船被焚之事等。锦州之役是后金军出于对明军收复永平四城、出塞征讨朵颜部而采取的报复行动,明军则在此役中采取坚守之策,坐视后金军焚掠郊野,而这种被动局面与当时明朝腹背受敌、蓟辽边警并急的战争形势有关。

According to what was recorded in Guoque and Qingtaizongshilu(True History of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty),in August 1630,the allied forces of the Later Jin and the Duoyan Mongolian tribe invaded and burned up Jinzhou of the Ming dynasty,captured the Shuangbao stronghold,and then destroyed the acropolis of Youtun.Record analysis demonstrates that there were certain mistakes and omissions.For instance,the battle broke out in August in the year of 1631 rather than 1630;Shuangbao was mistakenly written as Shuangtaibao.There were also errors in the number of killed enemy,and the omission of burned ships.The battle of Jinzhou was a revenge action taken by the Later Jin army against the Ming forces which recovered the four cities of Yongping and went on an expedition to conquer the Duoyan Mongolian tribe.The Ming forces took the policy of defending tenaciously in bastion and watched the enemy looters burning the countryside.