四渡赤水研究中的几个问题辨析与思考

Analysis of Several Issues in Study of Crossing Chishui River Four Times

"四渡赤水"概念的首次使用是在二十世纪五十年代而不是长征时期。四渡赤水期间,中共中央和红军领导人对毛泽东的战略指挥曾经有不同看法。渡过金沙江,即便博古、李德也对毛泽东的指挥予以高度认同。在代表中共中央向共产国际汇报时,陈云更是将四渡赤水作为经典战例予以高度肯定。新中国成立后,四渡赤水作战也一直受到军界和学术界的一致推崇。毛泽东说过四渡赤水是自己的得意之笔,但他的评价并不为外界所知晓。"毛主席用兵真如神"的说法最初是艺术表达,十一届三中全会后,这一评价才逐渐为学术界所接受。所谓四渡赤水在毛泽东"亲自导演"下走上神坛的说法毫无事实根据。党史工作者必须依据客观史实进行学术创新,否则,很容易陷入历史虚无主义的泥潭。

The concept of"Crossing the Chishui River Four Times"first appeared in the 1950 s rather than during the Long March of the Red Army.During the four crossings,the leaders of the CPC Central Committee and the Red Army differed in their opinions about Mao Zedong’s strategic command.Even Bo Gu and Li De highly recognized Mao’s command after crossing the Jinsha River.On behalf of the CPC Central Committee,Chen Yun reported to the Comintern and cited the four crossings as a classic example.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,it has been highly praised among the military and academic circles.Mao once remarked that he himself felt proud,but this remains unknown to the public.The saying that"Chairman Mao’s deployment of forces was magic"was originally an artistic expression,and it was not until after the 3 rd Plenary Session of the 11 th Central Committee in 1978 that this assessment was gradually accepted by the academic community.There is no factual basis for the allegation that the Four Crossings of the Chishui River was"personally directed"by Mao Zedong.It is important that those engaged in CPC history research should practice academic innovation in accordance with objective historical facts,otherwise,they run the risk of falling into the quagmire of historical nihilism.