朝鲜战争进程中美日关于日本重新武装问题的交涉

US-Japan Negotiations on Issue of Japan’s Rearmament during Korean War

朝鲜战争与日本重新武装问题密切相关,朝鲜战争的进程影响着两国在该问题上的认知和政策选择。朝鲜战争爆发前,美日关于日本重新武装的矛盾分歧开始出现。战争爆发初期,日本积极配合美国建立警察预备队,但两国对预备队的定位不同,这暗藏着两国在日本发展军事力量问题上分歧严重。朝鲜战场对美不利局面出现后,美国越发高估了共产主义国家发动战争的决心和能力,始终担心朝鲜战争国际化甚至引发第三次世界大战,因此美国利用对日议和极力要求日本迅速大规模重新武装,但是日本只是承诺未来扩大武装力量,《旧金山对日和约》生效后,日本开始兑现其承诺。艾森豪威尔上台后,朝鲜战争进入政治解决的后期阶段,在朝鲜战场压力减小的情况下,特别是朝鲜战争结束后,美国对日重新武装的目标更加现实,日本担心被卷入的顾虑也降低,美日就重新武装问题逐步达成妥协。

The Korean War was closely related to the issue of Japan’s rearmament.The war process affected the policy choices of both the United States and Japan concerning this issue.Disagreements began to arise before the outbreak of the war.In the early days of the war,Japan actively cooperated with the US in establishing a national police reserve,but the two countries had different prospects of the reserve,indicating that they had serious differences regarding Japan’s military development.When the situation in the Korean battlefield turned unfavorable,the US increasingly overestimated the determination and ability of communist countries to launch wars and was constantly worrying that the Korean War would turn into a global war and would even trigger the Third World War.Therefore,the US,by means of peace talks,urged Japan to begin a quick and large-scale rearmament,but Japan only made a promise to expand its armed forces in the future.When the San Francisco Treaty of Peace with Japan took effect,Japan began to fulfill its promise.After Eisenhower came to power,the Korean War entered the later stage of political settlement.After the war,the goal of the US became more realistic,and Japan’s fear of being involved in the war was also reduced.The two sides gradually reached a compromise on the issue of rearmament.