北京市宣传和实施1955年《兵役法》述论

A Review of Beijing’s Publicity and Enforcement of Military Service Law in 1955

新中国成立之后,党和国家逐步推动兵役制度改革,于1955年颁布《兵役法》,确立义务兵役制。作为新中国首都,北京市积极宣传和贯彻1955年《兵役法》:一方面,通过大规模的社会运动式宣传活动,引导人民群众克服旧的兵役观念,塑造依法服兵役的国防意识,为兵役制度变革营造社会基础。另一方面,在1955年度征兵工作中,落实《兵役法》关于征兵机构建设要求,规范动员、登记、报名、审批、交接等征兵程序。北京市宣传和贯彻1955年《兵役法》的情况,反映出这一时期中国兵役制度改革的特点;一是将革命时期的动员传统与现代化、正规化征兵制度相结合;二是坚持高层决策和基层互动;三是以征兵工作检验兵役制度改革的效果。

After the People’s Republic of China was founded,the CPC and the new government gradually pushed forward the reform of the military service system.In 1955,The Military Service Law was promulgated and the compulsory military service system was established.As the capital of new China,Beijing actively promoted and implemented The Military Service Law of 1955.On the one hand,large-scale publicity activities were arranged to guide the people to get rid of the old concept of military service and to help them build the national defense awareness of military service,creating the social foundation for the reform of military service system.On the other hand,in the 1955 conscription work,the mobilization agency was founded and recruitment procedures were standardized including registration,examination,approval and handover.The publicity and enforcement of The Military Service Law of 1955 in Beijing reflects the characteristics of the military service system reform all over China during this period.The first was combination of the mobilization tradition in the revolutionary period with the modern and regular military recruitment system.The second was the interaction between high-level decision-making and the practice of grassroots units.The third was the evaluation of the military service system reform through the conscription process.