宋代都总管司长官及其官属研究

Chiefs for Departments of Douzongguan and Their Subordinates in Song Dynasty

宋代都总管司长官,有路经略、安抚使兼路马步军都总管,路安抚使兼路马步军都总管,路马步军都总管,管勾都总管事四种级别称,其中以带"经略使、安抚使"衔级别为最高。都总管司属官有——走马承受公事,负责掌握边防与地方军情,监视大帅,是皇帝派往地方部队中的耳目;也有兵马钤辖、兵马都监、兵马监押、巡检等属官。自北宋初到南宋,朝廷一步步将地方都总管(部署)、兵马钤辖、兵马都检、巡检等将领,转变为路、州府、县三级地方统兵官,这种由军事战守之统兵官向州司兵官转变之过程,体现了宋廷在掌控中央军权的同时,对构建负责地方维稳的军事力量之重视。

In the Song Dynasty,the chiefs for departments of Douzongguan fell into four layers:the officials termed Jinglueshi,Anfushi and concurrently Douzongguan in charge of the armed forces,the officials called Anfushi and concurrently Douzongguan in charge of the armed forces,Douzongguan in charge of the armed forces,all of the above three at the administrative level of Lu,and the officials in general charge of affairs at the departments of Douzongguan.Of them,the first two kinds of officials with ranks of Jinglueshi and Anfushi were the highest ones.As for the subordinates for the chiefs,there were those officers called Zoumachengshougongshi whose responsibility was to control border defense and local military situation,and to serve as the eyes and ears for the emperor in the local armed forces.And there were subordinates such as Bingmaqianxia and Bingmadujian at the prefectural level,Bingmajianya at the county level and Xunjian at lower levels.Beginning from the early Northern Song Dynasty through to the Southern Song Dynasty,the imperial government gradually transformed military officers like local Douzongguan,Bingmaqianxia,Bingmadujian and Xunjian into three levels of local area military officers,the provincial,prefectural and county levels.This process of system transformation from military commanders for imperial court troops to those for troops stationed in local areas demonstrates that the imperial Song government attached importance to building a military force to maintain local stability as well as to control central military power.