战争工具的自然性、精神性与现代性——对火药/火器的哲学思考

Naturality,Spirituality and Modernity of War Tools——Philosophical Reflection on Gunpowder/Firearms

火药与火器具有自然之物与人类工具的双重性,它是包括身体性在内的人的存在本身的一种展现方式。因而,火药与火器的历史也是人的存在展开的历史:是生产与摧毁的历史,创生与死亡的历史,同时也是自然之物在工具生产中逐步进入更复杂甚至前所未有的组织化和商业化之中的过程。伴随这一过程,古代武士与现代士兵的精神世界发生了根本性转变,搏斗及身体的涵义也发生了巨大的变化,"一切皆可为武器"的原则在微观、宏观、数字化、信息化等方面的发展也表明了人类对自然的认识和利用以及后现代的战争文化进入了前所未有的阶段。本文尝试从上述角度为"战争哲学"建立一种一般性的哲学分析基础。

Gunpowder and firearms carry dual features of natural entities and human tools.It is also a way of presentation of human existence.Therefore,the history of gunpowder and firearms is as well the history of human existence:it is the history of production and destruction and that of creation and death.Such a history is also the process during which natural entities gradually entered complicated and even unprecedented organization and commercialization in the production of tools.In the process,the spiritual world of ancient warriors and modern soldiers has undergone a fundamental transformation,and so has the meaning of combat and human body.The principle of"Everything can be a weapon"has shown that man’s understanding and use of nature and the postmodern war culture have entered an unprecedented phase.This article is an attempt to build up a general philosophical analytic foundation for"war philosophy"from the perspective described above.