民族精神成长史的影像书写——以“南京大屠杀”题材电影为例

Film Creation on Theme of “Nanjing Massacre”

由于受到各种复杂的政治经济与历史文化因素的影响,以20世纪"南京大屠杀"历史事件为题材的当代中国电影,从创作观念到叙事策略,再到新的历史文本生成,常被局限在"爱国主义"或"消费主义"的实用窠臼之中。"南京大屠杀"电影文本的历史建构与文化建构,尚未完成从"民族"到"世界"的美学书写方式的过渡。同时,由于中西方文化差异以及在文化建构下话语权力的悬殊,"南京大屠杀"在电影叙事中难以达到"犹太大屠杀"的传播效果。该题材影片中拯救关系的设置、女性受难模式、英雄缺位的主题呈现都可透视出一部分人民族自尊心的脆弱,并试图在电影创作中完成责任代偿。纵观"南京大屠杀"题材的电影文本,其叙事基调未能突破历史悲情的拘囿,大多集中于展现民族苦难和屠杀场景的残酷,在一定程度上忽略了民族创伤记忆中文化自信和民族精神重塑的必要性。基于当前全球视野下的"南京大屠杀",如何进一步寻找多重化的叙事视角,跨越狭隘的民族主义,讲好中国故事,有效实现跨文化传播,以实现历史对当下的关照并完成历史对未来的引领,是"南京大屠杀"题材电影创作应努力的方向。

Due to the influence of various and complex political,economic,historical and cultural factors,contemporary Chinese film creation based on the"Nanjing Massacre"in the 1930s has been limited within the practical pattern of"patriotism"or"consumerism"from creation concept to narrative strategy and to new historical text generation.The historical and cultural construction of"Nanjing Massacre"film texts has not completed the"national-to-international"transition in aesthetic writing.Besides,because of the differences between Chinese and Western cultures as well as the great disparity discourse power under the cultural construction,the film narration of the"Nanjing Massacre"hardly achieved the effect of that of the"Holocaust of Jewish People".The presentation of rescue relationship set-up,female suffering mode and hero absence in such films all reveal the fragility of national dignity,trying to complete responsibility compensation in the movie creation.As to the movies on the theme of the"Nanjing Massacre",the narrative keynote has been confined to historical grief and most of them focus on the display of national sufferings and brutality of slaughter scenes,but ignore the need for cultural confidence and remodeling of national spirit in the national traumatic memory.The future direction for the"Nanjing Massacre"film creation is to form a global perspective,seek diverse narrative angles,transcend narrow nationalism,and help the outside world to have a better understanding of China,so that these movies can be effective means of cross-cultural communication,help achieve historical recognition of the present and serve as historical guide to the future.