清代八旗驻防与绿营待遇之比较

Comparison of Treatment for “Eight Banners” Garrison and Lu Standard Army in Qing Dynasty

清代八旗军队待遇高于绿营是一个约定俗成的认识,但并不准确。罗尔纲《绿营兵志》中引用的乾隆帝上谕说旗营待遇高于绿营,其实恰恰证明旗籍官员谋求到绿营任职是因为在绿营任职所得收入高于在旗营任职,退休后则是旗员待遇稍高。从粮饷与补贴等方面具体比较,直省驻防旗营与绿营在待遇上,或互有高低,或基本相当,应具体分析,不可一概而论。八旗驻防与绿营待遇之差异,根本上是由二者制度设计之差异造成的,这也说明旗人族群的贫困化是一种制度性问题。

It is a common belief that the"Eight Banners"troops received better treatment than the Lu Army in the Qing Dynasty,but actually it is inaccurate.An imperial edict issued by Emperor Qianlong was quoted in Luo Ergang’s The History of the Lu Standard Army,commanding that the Banners Force be treated better than the Lu Army.There is evidence that Banner Force officers sought to serve in the Lu Army because they could have higher income there,but Banner Force treatment was more desirable after retirement.In terms of provisions,funds and subsidies,the provincial garrison"Banner Forces"and the Lu Army had either different or similar treatment,and they should be analyzed in different ways.The treatment differences were the result of the differences in the design of the two systems,which indicates that the poverty of the Bannermen had its origin in system.