国际计量委员会环境与气候变化战略分析

Strategy of International Committee for Weights and Measures on Climate Change and Environment

气候变化与环境问题与联合国的可持续发展目标(SDG,Sustainable Development Goals)高度相关,其中关键气候变量测量(ECVs,Essential Climate Variables)和环境污染物协同毒性效应的研究需求为计量科学发展带来了全面挑战。为了应对挑战,国际计量委员会(CIPM)制定了2030发展战略与行动指南,旨在上述高关注度领域中加强计量基础科研与跨学科合作,提升计量科研支撑能力与政策影响力。各区域计量组织中,欧洲国家计量院协会(EURAMET)聚焦于欧洲气候与环境法规监测需求开展了系列研究工作,同时也参与了世界气象组织观测网中的测量与量传工作,该发展思路对我国计量发展路径选择具有较大参考意义。在当前我国积极推动“减污降碳高效协同增效”的发展背景下,计量领域应加强新污染物计量方法和在线校准方法研究,提升碳排放或污染物排放计量核算能力。通过对计量标准、环境基体标准物质、关键元器件和计量方法学综合研究,强化计量对国家气候与环境战略的支撑能力。为了达成上述目标,国家各级计量机构应加强部门合作以及国内外合作,推动高水平计量基础平台建设和社会共享机制建立,提升关键数据质量与政府决策服务能力。

Climate change and environmental issues are highly relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations.Measuring Essential Climate Variables(ECVs)and studying the synergistic toxic effects of environmental pollutants pose significant challenges for metrology science.To address these challenges,the International Committee for Weights and Measures(CIPM)has developed the CIPM Strategy 2030+and action plans for strengthening basic metrology research and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the support of metrology science in policy decisions.The European Association of National Metrology Institutes(EURAMET)has carried out a series of studies focusing on environmental and climate monitoring to meet the regulatory needs of the European Union.The EURAMET members actively participate in the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)network,providing valuable references for metrology science development in China.To support the implementation of"Synergy between pollution and carbon emission control"in China,metrology research efforts should focus on measuring emerging pollutants and developing online calibration methods.The measurement of carbon emissions and other pollutants should also be improved.Overall,the metrology standards,natural matrix reference materials,critical components of environmental instruments,and fundamental metrology methodology need to be enhanced to support national climate and environmental strategies.To achieve these goals,metrology institutions at all levels should work together to strengthen departmental cooperation and establish scientific resource-sharing mechanisms.In addition,metrology institutions should strengthen cooperation with related domestic and international agencies and institutes to improve the quality of crucial data and advisory capacity for decision-making.