疫情下城市记忆对国家认同的构建——兼论社会结构变革的情境化

The City Memory for the National Identity Construction under the Pandemic Context:Contextualization of Social Structural Changes

现代化使城市在国家建设中的作用越来越重要,同时也承担了大多数的社会风险。城市在疫情等重大危机事件中付出的代价与社会成本远超乡村,对它进行解读需要关注的不仅是其产生的社会机制,更是它出现的社会历史情境,即从人的行为到制度对社会结构的改变。在中国,伴随着8世纪开始的国家权力中心由乡村向城市的转移,城市占据了财政和军事上的支配地位,形成了新的城市社会意识。城市中陌生人之间的相互依存产生包容性的身份认同,构成了共同的城市社会记忆。疫情带给城市的考验是整体的,既有政府的权威,也有官员的作为,显露出城市社会结构的分化和权力格局的演变,并冲击着社会成员间的关系。另一方面,作为城市管理的终端,社区继单位之后融合陌生群体,产生多重身份归属,使城市基层社会结构在疫情中得到巩固。城市中风险地区的比较与划分也产生不同于以往的风险意识和符号体系。疫情情境也创造了城市公共空间,通过仪式操演产生心理上的共同记忆,并通过城市景观、物产、人文秩序法则和民族主义情绪等完成从事实现象到象征符号的转换,促进国家认同的产生。

Modernization has made cities more and more important in national construction,and at the same time they have assumed most of the social risks.The price and social cost paid by cities in major crisis events such as the epidemic far exceeds that of rural areas.Its interpretation should not only focus on the its social mechanism,but also its social and historical context,ranging from human behavior to institutional impact on changes in social structure.In China,with the transfer of the state power center from the countryside to the cities since the 8 th century,cities have occupied a dominant position in finance and military,and formed a new urban social consciousness.The interdependence of urban residents produces inclusive identities and constitutes a common urban social memory.The test brought by the epidemic to cities is paramount involving with both the authority of the government and the actions of officials,revealing the differentiation of the urban social structure and the evolution of the power structure,and impacting the relationship between social members.On the other hand,as the terminal of urban management,communities merged with unfamiliar groups which used to center around the unit(danwei),resulting in multiple identities,and consolidated the urban grassroots social structure in the epidemic.The comparison and division of urban risk areas also produce high risk awareness and symbol systems.The epidemic has also created urban public spaces,generating shared psychological memories through ritual practice,and completing the transformation from factual phenomena to symbolic signs through urban landscapes,properties,human order and laws,and nationalist sentiments to promote the generation of national identity.