正当与正义:马克思对资本主义制度的批判与超越——重思罗尔斯在《政治哲学史讲义》中对马克思的解读

Right and Justice in Marx’s Criticism and Transcendence of the Capitalist System:Rawls’ Interpretation of Marx in Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy

罗尔斯在《政治哲学史讲义》中关于马克思思想的三场讲座,明确呈现了他对马克思政治哲学特别是马克思正义论的基本看法。他在这里分析了马克思关于资本主义制度的基本观点、马克思关于正当与正义的概念以及马克思关于自由生产者联合体的理想,其中既包括他对马克思思想之深刻性的明确肯定,以及对马克思关于正当与正义的主张的深入分析,也包括他在评述中提出的对马克思某些观点的不同意见。重思罗尔斯在《政治哲学史讲义》中对马克思的解读,有助于我们在比较语境中深化对马克思正义论的理解,呈现解决复杂而深刻的公平正义问题时所应持有的马克思主义哲学基本原理和方法论原则。

Rawls’three lectures on Marx’s thoughts in Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy clearly present his views on Marx’s political philosophy,especially his basic views on Marx’s theory of justice.He analyzed Marx’s basic view of the capitalist system,Marx’s conception of right and justice and Marx’s ideal of the community of free individuality.It states not only his clear affirmation of the profundity of Marx’s thoughts,but also his in-depth analysis of Marx’s views on right and justice,as well as his different opinions on some of Marx’s views.Interpreting Rawls’interpretations of Marx in Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy can help us to deepen our understanding of Marx’s theory of justice in the context of comparison,and then present the basic elements and methodological principles of Marxist philosophy that we should hold when we solve the complex and profound problems of fairness and justice.