《中华人民共和国民法典》背景下环境侵权违法性研究

A Research on the Illegality of Environmental Infringement under the Background of the Civil Code

环境侵权行为由《中华人民共和国民法典》环境侵权章和相关环境特别法共同加以规定,其中加害行为的构成,有过错要件和违法性要件两种不同理解路径。选择违法性路径解释能促进环境侵权责任构成要件精细化、协调《民法典》和环境特别法体系。违法性具有过错所不能替代的功能并可为侵权责任的承担提供理论依据,应区分受侵害的权利和法益,结合污染行为和生态破坏行为分类及其权益保护来具体确定环境侵权行为违法性。运用结果违法判断违法性,适用于实质性污染行为和生态破坏行为侵害生命权、健康权、身体权。其他民事权益受侵害的情形则运用行为违法方法判断。行为违法的判断需要根据强制性标准、加害行为严重程度、作为义务的履行等因素综合衡量。

Environmental tort is stipulated jointly by the chapter of environmental Tort in the Civil Code and the relevant special environmental Law.The constitution of tortuous action has two different ways of understanding,including fault path and illegality path.Choosing illegality path interpretation can promote the refinement of the constitutive elements of environmental tort,promote the coordination between the Civil Code and environmental law system,illegality has the function that fault cannot replace and can provide theoretical basis for the assumption of tort liability.It is suggested to determine the illegality of environmental infringement behaviors by the way to distinguish the infringed rights and legal interests,combined the classification of pollution behaviors and ecological damage behaviors.The use of the results of illegal judgment of the illegality section applies to the substantive pollution and ecological damage violations of the right to life,health and physical rights.Other cases of infringement of civil rights and interests shall be judged by means of misbehavior.The judgment of illegal behavior needs to be comprehensively measured according to such factors as mandatory standard,severity of harmful behavior,performance as an obligation and function of business to the society.