法国的政治传统与后革命时代的“法兰西理论”——从《法兰西阶级斗争》和《雾月十八日》谈起

French Political Tradition and "French Theory" in the Post-Revolutionary Era:Starting from The Class Struggle in French Between 1848-1850 and Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

近代以来的法国历史就是一部阶级斗争的历史。法国自身的经济状况和阶级结构塑造了法国的政治传统,深刻影响了那个时代的革命理论,不仅孕育了资产阶级的阶级斗争学说,也孕育了马克思主义的革命理论。当代"法兰西理论"在某种程度上是美国学界的一种理论建构,表现为以异质、多元、解构等为核心特征的激进思潮。它浓缩了后革命时代欧美学界对马克思主义和资本主义双重危机的反应,迎合了新自由主义的转向。从法国政治传统到当代"法兰西理论"的演化,反映的是从阶级斗争到理论抗争、从内部批判到外部超越、从政治经济学批判到哲学理论的嬗变,反映的是政党政治和阶级逻辑的退却。

French history is a history of class struggle from modern times.France’s economic conditions and class structure shaped the French tradition of political struggle and profoundly influenced the revolutionary theory of that era.It not only gave birth to the bourgeois class struggle theory,but also the Marxist revolutionary theory.Contemporary"French theory"is to some extent a theoretical construction of American academic circles,which is manifested as a radical trend of thought with heterogeneity,pluralism,and deconstruction as its core characteristics.It condenses the responses of European and American academic circles to the dual crises of Marxism and capitalism in the post-revolutionary era,and caters to the neoliberal shift.The evolution from political tradition to"French theory"reflects the evolution from political struggle to theoretical resistance,from internal criticism to external transcendence,from the critique of political economy to philosophical theory,and reflects the retreat of party politics and class logic,and finally It becomes a pie in the sky.