吉林省黑土地保护与高值化利用工程

Protection and High-value Utilization Engineering of Mollisol Land in Jilin Province

吉林省黑土地是指本省行政区域内拥有黑色或暗色腐殖质表土层、性状好、肥力高的优质土地,包括黑土、黑钙土、草甸土、暗棕壤、棕壤、白浆土、水稻土7个土壤类型。按这个定义,通过土壤类型与地类数据叠加分析,得到的吉林省黑土地总面积为15.46万km2,占吉林省土地总面积的83.3%。尽管吉林省黑土地保护工作走在全国前列,但黑土地"变少""变薄""变瘦"的问题还没有完全得到控制;利用黑土地生产高端绿色食品,将资源优势转化为经济优势的高值化利用模式和品牌还没有形成。急需从工程实施的角度,开展黑土地保护与高值化利用研究。因此建议开展建设占用耕地表土剥离利用工程、高标准农田建设工程、耕地地力提升工程、耕地障碍性土壤改良工程等。

Mollisol land in Jilin province refers to the high-quality land with black or dark humus topsoil, good properties and high fertility in the administrative region of the province, specifically including black soil, chernozeme, meadow soil, dark brown soil, brown soil, Baijiang soil and paddy soil. According to this definition, through the superposition analysis of soil types and land type data, the total black land area of Jilin province is 154 600 km^2, accounting for 83.3% of the land area of Jilin province. Although Jilin province takes the lead in the protection of mollisol land in China, the problems of "mollisol land becoming less""mollisol land layer becoming thinner" and "mollisol land becoming infertile" have not been completely controlled. The high-value utilization mode and brand that use mollisol land to produce high-value green food and transform resource advantage into economic advantage have not yet formed. It is urgent to carry out research on mollisol land protection and high-value utilization from the perspective of engineering implementation. It is suggested to carry out engineering projects such as topsoil stripping and utilization of occupied cultivated land by construction projects, construction of high-standard farmland, land fertility improvement of cultivated land, and soil improvement of obstructed cultivated land.