木霉菌生物防治及促进植物生长机制研究进展

Research Progress in the Mechanism of Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion of Trichoderma

木霉菌为适应能力较广的土壤腐生菌,在自然界中广泛存在于植物根系,是植物共生体,同时也是病原菌的强寄生者。木霉菌作为生物防治资源是近年来有害生物防治研究的热点,其生物防治机制包括竞争作用、重寄生作用、抗生作用、诱导植物抗性等,此外木霉菌还能通过改变土壤微生物群落结构、提高土壤有效养分含量等作用,在促进植物生长的同时间接地提高植物抗病性。文章主要从竞争作用、重寄生作用、抗生作用、诱导植物抗性及促进植物生长方面对木霉菌生物防治机制及其对植物的促生作用进行论述,以期为更合理地将木霉菌应用于生防领域,同时为木霉菌物开发及利用奠定基础。

Trichoderma spp.is a kind of soil saprophytic fungi with strong adaptability.It widely exists in the plant root system,and is a strong parasite of pathogenic fungi.Trichoderma spp.,as a biological control resource,has been a hot topic in the field of disease control in the recent years.Its biocontrol mechanism includes competition,mycoparasitism,antibiosis and plant resistance induction.In addition,Trichoderma spp.can promote plant growth and indirectly improve plant resistance by changing the structure of soil microbial community and increasing the content of soil available nutrients.This paper mainly discusses the biocontrol mechanism and plant growth promotion of Trichoderma spp.from the aspects of competition,mycoparasitism,antibiosis,induction of plant resistance and promotion of plant growth,so as to lay a foundation for the development and utilization of Trichoderma spp.in the field of biocontrol.