堆肥与化肥减量配施对春玉米产量及品质的影响

Effects of Compost and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize

本研究以猪粪与玉米秸秆为原材料进行好氧堆肥,探究堆肥与化肥减量配施对春玉米产量及品质的影响。在田间采用裂区试验设计,设置两个堆肥施用量处理,分别为12500 kg/hm^(2)和25000 kg/hm^(2)。设置四个化肥减量处理,减施比例分别为0%、10%、20%、30%。在玉米完熟期考察玉米产量及穗粒数、千粒重等指标,并测定玉米籽粒的淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量。结果表明,堆肥与化肥配施可以显著提高玉米的产量及籽粒品质。其中,堆肥用量12500 kg/hm^(2),化肥减量20%时,玉米产量最高,各项品质指标最优,玉米穗粒数、千粒重、产量、淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量分别较农户常规施肥处理提高了3.86%、11.16%、14.62%、18.02%、16.04%、12.91%。

To explore the effects of aerobic composting and reduced fertilizer application using pig manure and corn stover as raw materials on the yield and quality of spring corn.Using pig manure and corn stover as raw materials for aerobic composting,using pig manure stover compost instead of chemical fertilizer input,exploring the effect of reduced application of compost and chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of spring corn.A split plot experimental design was adopted in the field,with two compost application rates set at 12,500 kg/ha and 25,000 kg/ha,and four fertilizer reduction ratios set at 0%,10%,20%,and 30%,respectively.During the ripening period of corn,investigate the yield and yield components of corn,and collect samples to determine the starch,protein,and fat content of corn grains.The results showed that under different compost dosage conditions,the combination of compost and chemical fertilizer can significantly improve the yield and grain quality of corn.Within a certain range,as the proportion of fertilizer reduction increases,the yield and quality of corn also increase.Among them,when the amount of compost is 12,500 kg/ha and the amount of fertilizer is reduced by 20%,the corn yield and various quality indicators are the highest.The number of corn ears,thousand grain weight,yield,starch,protein,and fat are increased by 3.86%,11.16%,14.62%,18.02%,16.04%,and 12.91%,respectively compared to the conventional fertilization treatment of farmers.Under the conditions of this experiment,the combination of pig manure straw compost and reduced fertilizer application significantly improved the yield and quality of spring corn.Moreover,when the compost amount was 12,500 kg/ha and the traditional fertilizer input was reduced by 20%,the yield and quality of corn were improved the best.