宁夏春小麦种质资源淀粉糊化特性研究

Study on Starch Pasting Properties of Spring Wheat Germplasm Resources in Ningxia

为了筛选淀粉糊化特性优异的春小麦种质,利用快速黏度仪(RVA)分析了299份宁夏春小麦种质资源的淀粉糊化特性。结果表明,除峰值时间外,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、稀懈值、反弹值、最终黏度变异范围较大。峰值黏度和稀懈值均高于宁春4号(对照)的品种(系)有91份,占参试材料总数的30.4%。其中峰值黏度高于3000 cP,稀懈值高于300 cP的品种(系)有39份,占参试材料总数的13%,在地方品种、审定品种、引进品种(系)、自育品系中分布比例为63.6%、28.9%、16.7%、7.4%。宁夏春小麦种质资源淀粉糊化特性遗传变异广泛,筛选出淀粉品质优异种质39份,在引进品系和自育品系中,具有高峰值黏度和稀懈值的材料相对缺乏,今后育种应兼顾蛋白质品质和淀粉品质协调改良。

The study aims to screen spring wheat germplasms with excellent starch pasting properties from Ningxia which will provide theoretical basis for starch quality improvement of wheat.The starch pasting properties of 299 spring wheat germplasm resources from Ningxia were analyzed using Rapid Visco-Analyser(RVA).Our results show that the peak viscosity,trough viscosity,breakdown,setback and final viscosity of the wheat varieties showed a large variation,in addition to the peak time.A total of 91 from 299 wheat varieties(30.4%)show higher peak viscosity and breakdown compared with the check cultivar Ningchun 4.Among them,there are 39 varieties(13%)with peak viscosity higher than 3,000 cP and breakdown higher than 300 cP with the distribution ratio of 63.6%,28.9%,16.7%,7.4%from landraces,released varieties,introduced varieties(lines),and advanced lines,respectively.In summary,the spring wheat germplasm resources from Ningxia have a wide range of genetic variation in starch pasting properties,and we screened 39 germplasms with excellent starch quality.But the introduced varieties(lines)and advanced lines with high peak viscosity and breakdown are relatively scarce.The quality improvement of both protein and starch should be considered in wheat breeding in the future.