抗旱保水剂对水稻旱作抗旱性及产量的影响

Effects of Drought Resistance and Water Retention Agent on Drought Resistance and Yield of Rice in Dry Cultivation

本试验研究抗旱保水剂对水稻旱作抗旱性及产量的影响,为水稻旱作提高抗旱性及产量提供理论依据。以“绥粳18”为试材,抗旱保水剂四个处理水平,分别为0、0.5、1、1.5 kg/667 m^(2),一次性随底肥施入。结果表明,施入1 kg/667 m^(2)的抗旱保水剂可增产27%。这是由于施入抗旱保水剂使叶片可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量及根系活力分别提高14%、28%、19%、82%,在水稻旱作生长发育过程中减缓干旱胁迫的不利影响,增加根系活力可以提高作物源库交流、积累物质、增强作物抵抗干旱胁迫能力,与对照相比,可提高土壤含水量10%,提高植株的抗旱能力。在长春市自然生态条件下,抗旱保水剂以施入1 kg/667 m^(2)为最适宜,提高水稻旱作的抗旱性且具有最大的产量补偿效果。

The effects of drought resistant and water-retaining agents on drought resistance and yield of rice in dry cultivation were studied to provide a theoretical basis.Suijing 18 was used as the treatment and the four treatment levels of drought resistant water-retaining agent were 0,0.5,1,1.5 kg/667 m^(2).Suijing 18 was applied together with the starter fertilizer.The test showed that the application of 1 kg/667 m^(2)of drought resistant water-retaining agent could increase the yield by 27%.The application of drought-resistant water-retaining agents at the level of 0,0.5,1,1.5 kg/667 m^(2)increased the soluble protein of the leaves,the soluble sugar of the leaves,the chlorophyll content of the leaves and root vigor by 14%,28%,19%and 82%,respectively.The application of drought resistant water-retaining agent at the level of 1 kg/667 m^(2)could reduce the drought stress′s adverse impact on the growth of dry cultivation of rice,increase root of activity,efficiency of crop sink-source relationship and dry matter accumulation,increase the rice in dry condition′s resistance ability of drought resistant.Compared to the control group,the application of 1 kg/667 m^(2)of drought resistant water-retaining agent could increase soil moisture by 10%and largely increased dry cultivation of rice′s drought resistance ability.Comprehensive analysis under the natural ecological conditions of Changchun,the application of the drought resistant water-retentive agent to 1 kg/667 m^(2)is the optimum solution,which could largely increase dry cultivation of rice drought resistance ability and achieve a maximum yield compensation effect.