栽培方式对有机栽培水稻产量与品质的影响

Effects of Transplanting Ways on Yield and Quality of Organically Cultivated Rice

以优质水稻品种"五优稻4号"为试验材料,通过改变株、行距和插秧行向,形成2~4行组的插秧方式,从引入边行效应和改善通风透光环境角度,针对插秧方式与栽培密度对有机水稻栽培产量与稻米品质的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,产量最高的处理为4行组等株距插秧(60.0 cm+30.0 cm+30.0 cm+30.0 cm)×13.3 cm,比对照30.0 cm×20.0 cm(16.67穴/m^2)增产12.32%。通过提高单位面积插秧穴数,降低单穴分蘖数量,在保证单位面积穗数的前提下,提高主穗比例,有利于提高饱满粒率和稻米品质;2行组(50.0 cm+30.0 cm)×20.0 cm和(50.0 cm+30.0 cm)×13.3 cm(12.50穴/m^2、18.80穴/m^2)由于2行均处于边行位置,籽粒充实度提高,有助于提高稻米品质。

In this paper,"Wuyoudao 4",a high quality rice variety,was used as the experimental material to form a 2~4 row transplanting mode by changing the plant,row spacing and transplanting direction.From the perspective of introducing side row effect and improving the ventilation and light environment,the effects of transplanting mode and planting density on the cultivation yield and rice quality of organic rice were studied.The result showed that the treatment with the highest yield was transplanting rice seedlings with equal spacing(60.0 cm+30.0 cm+30.0 cm+30.0 cm)×13.3 cm in the 4-row group,which increased the yield by 12.32%compared with that of 30.0 cm×20.0 cm(16.67 holes/m^2)with the control group.By increasing the number of transplanting holes per unit area,reducing the number of tillers per hole,and increasing the proportion of main panicle on the premise of ensuring the number of panicle per unit area,which was conducive to improving the full grain rate and rice quality.In the 2-row group(50.0 cm+30.0 cm)×20.0 cm and(50.0 cm+30.0 cm)×13.3 cm(12.50 holes/m^2;18.80 holes/m^2),the grain plumpness increased because both rows were in the side row position,which was helpful to improve rice quality.