留守儿童社会支持在依恋和应付方式的中介效应

Effect of social support as mediun in the process of attachment styles and coping style on Left-behind Children

目的:探究社会支持的中介作用在依恋与应付方式之间的影响。方法:随机抽取安徽省3所农村学校留守儿童192名和非留守儿童86名,采用亲密关系量表(ECR)、社会支持量表(SSRS)、应付方式问卷(CSQ)以对依恋、社会支持、应付方式进行测评。结果:①ECR量表中留守儿童依恋焦虑及回避维度得分均高于非留守儿童(t=-2.357,-2.869;P<0.05);SSRS量表中留守儿童的社会支持各个维度得分即主观支持、客观支持和支持的利用度得分均低于非留守儿童(z=-2.808,-3.235,-2.776;P<0.01);在CSQ量表中,留守儿童在求助这个因子上低于非留守儿童(z=-1.970,P<0.05);②相关分析显示,留守儿童依恋回避与主观支持、对支持利用度、求助、解决问题存在负相关(r=-0.252,-0.379,-0.363,-0.234;P<0.01),主观支持和对支持利用度与求助存在显著正相关(r=0.326,0.521;P<0.01),主观支持和对支持利用度与解决问题存在显著正相关(r=0.272,0.351;P<0.01);③留守儿童主观支持在依恋回避与求助及解决问题之间存在部分中介作用,对支持的利用度在依恋回避与求助之间存在部分中介作用。结论:①留守儿童表现为高回避、高焦虑的不安全的依恋特征,缺乏社会支持,较少采取成熟型应付方式;②留守儿童依恋模式通过社会支持的中介作用对应付方式产生影响。

Objective:To investigate medium effect of social support in the process of attachment style and coping style.Methods:A total of 192 left-behind children and 86 non Left-behind children from three rural schools in Anhui province were randomly selected to complete the Experience of Close Relationship(ECR),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)and Coping style Questionnaire(CSQ).Results:①The scores of ECR anxiety and avoidance were higher than those of non left-behind children(t=-2.357,-2.869;P<0.01);Social support scores in all dimensions were also lower than that of non left-behind children(z=-2.808,-3.235,-2.776;P<0.01),and help seeking was also lower than that of non left-behind children(z=-1.970,P<0.05);②Correlation analysis also found that attachment avoidance was correlated negatively with subjective support,support utilization,help seeking and solving problem(r=-0.252,-0.379,-0.363,-0.234;P<0.01),subjective support and support utilization were both correlated positively with help seeking(r=0.326,0.521;P<0.01)as well as solving problem(r=0.272,0.351;P<0.01);③Subjective support as medium affected the relationship of avoided attachment and help seeking as well as solving problem;support utilization as medium affected the relationship of avoided attachment and help seeking.Conclusion:①Left-behind children have unsafe attachment mode with high avoidance and anxiety and poor social support,and they less use mature coping style;②Attachment pattern influences coping style through the mediating effect of subjective support and utilization of support.