数字经济时代竞争与垄断的政治经济学分析

Political Economics Analysis of Competition and Monopoly in the Digital Economy Era

在数字经济时代,数字资本竞争与垄断呈现新的特征:一极是大资本数字平台垄断实力和竞争实力的增强,另一极是小资本被控制程度和竞争程度的增强。数字资本典型的时效性、共享性、规模效应及技术依赖性,使大资本数字平台具有天然的垄断倾向,并将广大行业领域纳入其影响范围之内。在中小资本对大资本数字平台依赖性不断提高的同时,企业之间、劳动力之间的竞争程度也日益加剧。但辩证地看,数字技术向生产生活领域广泛渗透的结果,既不是纯粹地加剧竞争,也不是纯粹地形成垄断。在社会主义市场经济条件下,需要通过加强法律规范和管制,促进大资本数字平台生产能力的提升,保护小资本、用户和劳动力的合法权益,并加强国有资本在数字经济领域尤其是大资本数字平台建设中的领航作用。

In the era of digital economy,digital capital competition and monopoly present new characteristics:one pole is the enhancement of the monopoly power and competitiveness of large capital digital platforms,and the other pole is the increase in the degree of control and competition of small capital.The typical timeliness,sharing,scale effect,and technological dependence of digital capital make big capital digital platforms have a natural tendency to monopolize and bring a wide range of industries into their scope of influence.While the dependence of small and medium capital on the digital platform of big capital continues to increase,the degree of competition among enterprises and between labor forces is also increasing.But dialectically speaking,the result of the widespread penetration of digital technology into production and life is neither purely intensifying competition nor purely forming a monopoly.Under the conditions of a socialist market economy,it is necessary to strengthen legal norms and controls to transform monopoly into an increase in production capacity,protect the legitimate rights and interests of small capital,users,and labor,and strengthen the leading role of state-owned capital in the field of digital economy,especially in the construction of large capital digital platforms.