建立低收入群体长效增收机制的着力点、路径与建议

The Focus,Path and Suggestions for Establishing A Long-Term Income Increase Mechanism for Low-Income Groups

2020年我国完成脱贫攻坚任务以后,低收入群体成为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、防止返贫的重点关注对象。受工资性收入显著偏低影响,当前低收入群体总收入不到中高收入群体的八分之一,且有将近两成的低收入群体主要依赖转移性收入,增收基础并不稳固。未来,需要实施低收入群体收入倍增计划,以产业和就业为主攻方向,增强内生发展动力,提高工资性收入;以财税和信贷支持为关键抓手,改善外部发展环境,提高经营性收入;以资产和产权制度改革为重点领域,激发要素活力,提高财产性收入;以纵向和横向转移支付为重要补充,注重区域公平,提高转移性收入。在发挥政府作用的同时,更注重发挥市场机制的作用,更多用市场化手段谋划建立低收入群体长效增收机制。

After winning the battle against poverty in 2020,low-income groups will be the focus of attention for consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and preventing poverty.Based on the data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies program,this article found that due to the significantly lower wage income,the current total income of low-income groups is less than one-eighth of the medium and highincome groups,and nearly 20%of the low-income groups mainly rely on transfer income,the basis for income increasing is not stable.In the future,it is necessary to implement an income doubling plan for the low-income groups,focusing on industry and employment,enhancing endogenous development momentum,and increasing wage income;using fiscal,tax and credit support as the key to improve the external development environment and increase operating income;focus on the reform of the property and property rights systems to stimulate the vitality of factors of production and increase property income;make vertical and horizontal transfer payments an important complement,focus on regional equity and increase transfer income.While giving full play to the role of the government,we should pay more attention to the role of market mechanisms and using more market-oriented methods to plan and establish long-term income-increasing mechanisms for lowincome groups.