城市高质量发展与城市群协调发展:马克思级差地租的视角

Urban High-quality Development and Coordinated Development of Urban Agglomerations:The Perspective of Marx’s Differential Land Rent Theory

城市土地出让金收益在中国的工业化和城市化中扮演了极其重要的角色。当前中国城市经济分化的现象日益突出,集中表现为城市之间的土地出让金差距迅速分化,形成了城市之间的地租级差,即城市宏观级差地租。中国经验事实表明,城市宏观级差地租与城市高质量发展以及城市群协调发展之间存在某种亟待澄清的关联。本文以全国273个地级市为研究对象,实证检验了城市宏观级差地租与城市高质量发展之间的关系。空间计量的回归结果显示,城市宏观级差地租能够显著提升所在城市的高质量发展水平,而对毗邻城市的高质量发展产生明显的负向溢出效应。机制检验发现,上述关系能够通过要素流动、财政能力、环境治理、基础设施建设、产业协调、公共服务得以实现。进一步研究发现,城市宏观级差地租的经济后果与所在城市群发展程度密切关联,成熟型城市群内部地租集聚的负面经济后果较为明显,而稳定型城市群、发育型城市群内部地租集聚的负面效果则不明显。

The income from urban land transfer fees plays an extremely important role in the industrialization and urbanization of China.At present,urban economic differentiation in China is becoming increasingly prominent,which is mainly manifested in the rapid differentiation about land transfer fees among cities,and the land rent difference among cities,that is,the urban macro-differential land rent.Experience and facts of China show that there is an urgent need to clarify the relationship between urban macro-differential land rent,urban high-quality development,and the coordinated development of urban agglomerations.Based on this,this paper regards 273 prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2017 as the research subject,and empirically examines the relationship between urban macro-differential land rent and urban high-quality development.The regression results of spatial measurement show that urban macro-differential land rent can significantly improve the high-quality development level of the corresponding cities and has a significant negative spillover effect on the high-quality development of adjacent cities.The results of mechanism tests show that the above-mentioned relationship can be realized through the flow of factors,financial capacity,environmental governance,infrastructure construction,industrial coordination,and public services.This study further differentiate the level of development of urban agglomerations,and finds that the negative economic consequences of land rent agglomeration within mature urban agglomerations are obvious,while the negative economic consequences of land rent agglomeration within stable urban agglomerations and developmental urban agglomerations are not obvious.This paper has several contributions.First,based on expanding research on the economic consequences of differential land rent,this paper proposes for the first time that urban macro-differential land rent has the functions of value creation and spatial justice,which provides a new political economic analysis perspective for research on economic differentiation within urban agglomerations and urban high-quality development.Second,this paper enriches the research dimension of urban high-quality development and discusses the impact of the agglomeration and diffusion effects of spatial economy on urban high-quality development.And this paper expounds on the realization mechanism from six aspects,such as the flow of factors and financial capacity.Third,this paper enriches the empirical evidence on the advancement of urban agglomeration development strategies.This paper establishes a comprehensive analytical framework that can consistently explain the positive and negative externalities and economic consequences of urban agglomeration and diffusion within existing urban agglomerations.Fourth,this paper deepens research on Chinese-style urban agglomerations.At last,the research conclusion of this paper confirms the stage effect of enhancing the agglomeration capacity of central cities and large cities and finds that the central agglomeration effect of some urban agglomerations has reached a turning point.This paper has important policy implications.First,the government should improve the national land transaction market,and allow central cities with higher differential land rents to obtain more land use indicators and energy consumption indicators to serve the creation of urban value.At the same time,the government should improve the governance responsibility of differential land rent.For example,spatial justice can be achieved by alleviating the pressure of insufficient public goods provided by adjacent cities in terms of ecological construction.Second,the government should improve spatial planning and layout.For example,through urbanization and integration,the existing administrative division restrictions and market segmentation will be broken,and the negative spillover effect of central cities will be reduced,and then the utilization efficiency of land resources in less developed peripheral cities will be improved.Third,the government should use the differentiated land rent income among cities to guide the free flow of production factors,optimize the efficiency and service capacity of infrastructure supply,and share the economic cost of environmental governance.Fourth,the government should encourage stable and developing urban agglomerations to continue expanding the scale of urban agglomerations,and stress the leading role of central cities.