中国技术创新激励政策设计:高质量发展视角

The Design of Incentive Policies for Technological Innovation in China:From the Perspective of High-quality Development

本文基于中国技术创新“数量长足、质量跛脚”困境和激励政策设计的理论视角,讨论了中国技术创新典型激励政策的整体导向与理论逻辑。具体而言,本文首先基于手工搜集整理的科技创新政策文件数据,分析了中国技术创新政策的文本导向等特征性事实;其次,基于技术创新质量的新测度方法与微观匹配数据,检验了中国技术创新典型激励政策的执行导向;最后,构建了一个科技政策激励模式选择的理论模型,探讨了科技创新激励政策设计的理论逻辑与最优策略选择。研究发现:(1)政策文本上,中国科技创新顶层设计重视创新质量但执行落地时总体强调创新数量;(2)政策执行上,作为科技政策重要组成部分的研发费用加计扣除政策和高新技术企业认定政策,其激励导向分别为“数量优先”和“质量优先”;(3)政策设计上,科技评估资源约束下的最优机制设计是普适型与质量门槛类选择支持型相结合的数量激励策略;(4)科技创新主体规模大、技术创新质量测度难、科技评估资源受约束,是中国现行技术创新激励政策设计以及“数量长足、质量跛脚”局面的重要原因。

Innovation is the primary driving force for development,and in the difficult period of transformation from high-speed growth to high-quality development,how to better use innovation to drive high-quality development is a major issue facing China as it enters a new stage of development.In this context,innovation,as a major development strategy of China,is placed at the core of the overall national development and becomes a hot word for China’s economic and social development,and many administrative departments and function units introduce a package of policies to encourage technological innovation,including tax reduction,innovation subsidies,and environmental improvement for scientific and technological innovation.In the context of the government attaching great importance to technological innovation and the incentive system being relatively mature,there is a dilemma of pursuing quantity instead of high quality in China’s technological innovation practice.In order to make an in-depth analysis and theoretical interpretation of the causes of this realistic dilemma,from the perspective of technological innovation incentive policy,this paper discusses the overall orientation and theoretical logic of China’s typical incentive policies for technological innovation,and explains the definition,reasons and results of China’s technological innovation incentive policies.Specifically,based on the data collected and sorted by hand,this paper firstly analyzes the characteristic facts of China’s technological innovation policies’orientation.On the basis of the new measurement method of technological innovation quality and the matching data constructed by China tax survey database,China invention patent database,and China high-tech enterprise directory,the implementation orientation of China’s typical incentive policies for technological innovation is tested.Finally,a theoretical model of the choice of incentive mode of science and technology policy is constructed,and the theoretical logic and optimal strategy selection of the design of the technological innovation incentive policy is discussed.Four conclusions are obtained in this paper.First,in textual semantics,the top-level design of China’s scientific and technological innovation attaches importance to the quality of innovation,but in the implementation the overall emphasis is on the quantity of innovation.Second,as an important part of China’s technological incentive policies,the R&D expense additional deduction policy and the high-tech enterprise identification policy have the orientations of quantity first and quality first respectively.Third,in terms of policy design,the optimal mechanism design under the constraints of science and technology evaluation resources is a quantity incentive strategy that combines the universal mode and quality threshold selection mode.Fourth,the large scale of innovation subjects,difficulties in measuring the innovation quality,and the constraints on the science and technology evaluation resources are the important reasons for the design of China’s current technological innovation incentive policies and the situation of pursuing quantity instead of high quality.The research of this paper has important policy implications for the correct evaluation and optimization of China’s innovation incentive policies and the better promotion of the national strategy of innovation driven high-quality development.Compared with existing research,this paper may have the following innovations.Firstly,from the new perspective of the orientation of China’s technological innovation incentive policy,it answers the question of which enterprises are selected for incentives in China’s innovation incentive policies,and theoretically explains the design and innovation dilemma of China’s technology and innovation policies from the perspective of science and technology evaluation resources.Secondly,a theoretical model of the selection of incentive mode of science and technology policy is constructed,and the optimal strategic choice under the situation of strategic innovation is discussed,which provides a new perspective for understanding policy-oriented choices.Finally,this paper also regards adjectives as innovative knowledge components of patents and measures technological originality and technological impact based on semantic text methods,which is a useful improvement of existing methods.