土地引资促进地区工业发展了吗?——基于土地、企业匹配数据的研究

Do Land Subsidies Promote Local Industrial Development?——Based on Land, Firm Matched Data

本文探究低价出让工业用地的"土地引资"现象是否促进地区工业发展,在乡镇街道层面匹配2004—2013年工业企业数据和土地交易微观数据,分析工业用地补贴对土地出让1—5年后区块内工业生产的影响。研究发现:(1)全国范围内政府补贴工业用地的效率不高,土地补贴吸引了更多企业入驻,但单位土地的总产值和TFP较低;(2)补贴吸引了更多有增长潜力的新增企业,但带动已有企业的溢出作用不足;(3)补贴效率存在地区和空间差异。

In this paper we matche the 2004-2013 industrial-firm and land-lot-sales data in township level to study if land subsidies promote local industrial development.Results show that(a)land subsidies are inefficient nationwide.Subsidies help to attract more firms,but output and TFP per unit land are low.(b)Subsidies help to attract more new firms that grow faster,which means the direct effect of subsidy on new firms is high,but spillover effect on existing firms is low.(c)Efficiency varies in different regions.In western region and suburban area,subsidies promote production in the short run but lose advantage in the long run.