农地产权视角下农业经营制度变迁的实践逻辑及反思

The Practical Logic and Reflection on the Change of Agricultural Management System from the Perspective of Farmland Property Rights

农地"三权分置"改革和新型农业经营主体培育的多样化推进模式,使得农业经营制度变迁呈现联动性、复杂性等特征。本文基于农地产权制度与农业经营制度的实践关联性理论假设,沿着"三权分置"这条产权制度演化主线,以农地权能结构及其主体可行性能力为核心,从权能结构、治理机制两维度构建一个涵盖不同农地经营权人和农业经营制度的整体性理论分析框架。从实证分析和经验成效上看,农地"三权分置"改革与新型农业经营主体培育及经营制度变迁的演化逻辑呈现辨证互构特征。因此,一方面要把能力提升作为落实农地"三权分置"改革实效和培育新型农业经营主体的实践抓手,提升不同农地产权结构及其权能体系下多元产权主体可行性能力;另一方面还要强化法治保障和体制机制完善,以农地经营权的用益物权演化导向为目标,丰富农地经营权权能体系,构建以经营权人为主体的多样性农业经营制度。同时,切实提升新型农业经营主体政策扶持效能,不断完善小农户与现代农业紧密型利益联结机制,真正实现农地产权制度创新与农业经营制度变迁的协同演化。农地"三权分置"改革与农业经营制度变迁的协同演化,必须时刻警惕集体失灵、市场失灵、政府失灵、家庭失灵等引发的农业治理风险。

The reform of"three-rights separation"of agricultural land and the diversified promotion mode of cultivating new agricultural management subjects make the changes of agricultural management system show the characteristics of linkage and complexity.Based on the theoretical hypothesis of the practical relevance between the agricultural land property right system and the agricultural management system,along the main line of the evolution of the property right system of"three-rights separation",taking the agricultural land power structure and its subject feasibility ability as the core,this paper constructs an overall theoretical analysis framework covering different agricultural land management owners and agricultural management systems from the two dimensions of power structure and governance mechanism.From the perspective of empirical analysis and achievements,the evolution logic of the reform of"three-rights separation"of agricultural land,the cultivation of new agricultural operators and the change of management system presents the dialectical mutual construction characteristics.Therefore,on the one hand,it is necessary to take the ability improvement as the practical starting point to implement the reform of"three-rights separation"of farmland and cultivate new agricultural management subjects,and enhance the feasibility ability of multiple property rights subjects under different farmland property rights structures and their power and function systems;On the other hand,we should strengthen the guarantee of the rule of law and improve the system and mechanism,aiming at the evolutionary orientation of the usufructuary rights of farmland management rights,enrich the power system of farmland management rights,and build a diversified agricultural management system with management rights holders as the main body.At the same time,we should effectively improve the policy support efficiency of new agricultural operators,constantly improve the close interest connection mechanism between small farmers and modern agriculture,and truly realize the collaborative evolution between the innovation of farmland property rights system and the change of agricultural management system.The co-evolution of the reform of the"threerights separation"of agricultural land and the changes in the agricultural management system must always be vigilant against the agricultural governance risks caused by collective failure,market failure,government failure,and family failure.